ArticleCytokine2020
The elevated systemic cytokine levels in HIV patients are not associated with an elevated pulmonary cytokine environment.
Article in Cytokine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of HIV on respiratory symptoms, health status, and exertional capacity.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Lung Function and Structure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2025Pooled it
- Emerging roles of senolytics/senomorphics in HIV-related co-morbidities.Biochemical pharmacology · 2024Review
- Circadian-Coupled Genes Expression and Regulation in HIV-Associated Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Lung Comorbidities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Associations of C-reactive protein isoforms with systemic lupus erythematosus phenotypes and disease activity.Arthritis research & therapy · 2022Article
- Independent Associations of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Interleukin-1 Beta With Radiographic Emphysema in People Living With HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV-positive patients on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) are at higher risk of developing many non-AIDS related chronic diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), compared to HIV-negative individuals. While the mechanisms are not clear, a persistent pro-inflammatory state appears to be a key contributing factor. The aims of this study were to investigate whether HIV-positive patients without COPD present evidence of potentially predisposing abnormal pulmonary cytokine/chemokine environment and to explore the relationship between pulmonary and systemic cytokine levels.
methodsThis study included 39 HIV-seropositive and 34 HIV-seronegative subjects without COPD. All were subjected to outpatient bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) aspiration and blood sample collection. The levels of 21 cytokines and chemokines were measured in plasma and BALF using a bead-based multi-analyte assay.
resultsIn plasma, HIV-infected patients showed significantly increased circulating levels of pro-inflammatory (TNFα) and Th1-associated cytokines (IL-12p70) as well as several chemokines (CXCL11 and CX3CL1). However, no statistically significant differences were found in the numbers of cells, the concentrations of protein and urea as well as cytokine levels in the BALFs of HIV-positive patients when compared to controls. Correlation analysis indicated a potential modulatory effect of the BMI in HIV-seropositive individuals.
conclusionsWhile our results are consistent with the existence of a systemic pro-inflammatory state in HIV-infected patients, they did not detect significant differences in cytokine levels and other inflammatory markers in the lungs of HIV-positive individuals when compared to HIV-negative controls.
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