Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31655443›Full record

ArticleDifferentiation; research in biological diversity

Androgen and estrogen receptor expression in the developing human penis and clitoris.

Laurence Baskin, Mei Cao, Adriane Sinclair, Yi Li, Maya Overland, Dylan Isaacson, Gerald R Cunha

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Differentiation; research in biological diversity. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Observational
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Effects of Sex Hormones on Vascular Reactivity in Boys With Hypospadias.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Spatiotemporal map of key signaling factors during early penis development.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2022
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Congenital Micropenis: Etiology And Management.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2022
    Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Developmental and sexual dimorphic atlas of the prenatal mouse external genitalia at the single-cell level.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Estrogens and development of the mouse and human external genitalia.Differentiation; research in biological diversity
    Review
  19. Development of the external genitalia.Differentiation; research in biological diversity
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Laurence BaskinDepartment of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address: Laurence.baskin@ucsf.edu.
Mei CaoDepartment of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Adriane SinclairDepartment of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Yi LiDepartment of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Maya OverlandDepartment of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Dylan IsaacsonDepartment of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Gerald R CunhaDepartment of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Funding

UCSF KURe Career Development ProgramK12DK083021 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI BASKIN, LAURENCE, CARROLL, PETER R · 2008 to 2017
$5.9M
NIDDK NIH HHS K12 DK083021
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To better understand how the human fetal penis and clitoris grows and remodels, we undertook an investigation to define active areas of cellular proliferation and programmed cell death spatially and temporally during development of human fetal external genitalia from the indifferent stage (8 weeks) to 18 weeks of gestation. Fifty normal human fetal penile and clitoral specimens were examined using macroscopic imaging, scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemical localization for the cellular proliferation and apoptotic markers, Ki67 and Caspase-3. A number of hot spots of cellular proliferation characterized by Ki67 localization are present in the penis and clitoris especially early in development, most notably in the corporal body, glans, remodeling glanular urethra, the urethral plate, the roof of the urethral groove and the fully formed penile urethra. The 12-fold increase in penile length over 10 weeks of growth from 8 to 18 weeks of gestation based on Ki67 labelling appears to be driven by cellular proliferation in the corporal body and glans. Throughout all ages in both the developing penis and clitoris Ki67 labeling was consistently elevated in the ventral epidermis and ventral mesenchyme relative to the dorsal counterparts. This finding is consistent with the intense morphogenetic activity/remodeling in the ventral half of the genital tubercle in both sexes involving formation of the urethral/vestibular plates, canalization of the urethral/vestibular plates and fusion of the urethral folds to form the penile urethra. Areas of reduced or absent Ki67 staining include the urethral fold epithelium that fuses to form the penile tubular urethra. In contrast, the urethral fold mesenchyme is positive for Ki67. Apoptosis was rarely noted in the developing penis and clitoris; the only area of minimal Caspase-3 localization was in the epithelium of the ventral epithelial glanular channel remodeling.

Indexed as

MorphogenesisClitorisFemaleHumansMaleMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningPenisReceptors, AndrogenReceptors, EstrogenReceptors, AndrogenReceptors, EstrogenAndrogen receptorEstrogen receptors alpha and betaHuman fetal penile and clitoral developmentHypospadias

Identifiers

PMID31655443
PMCPMC6926156

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.