ArticleEnvironment international2019
Metabolite of the pesticide DDT and incident type 2 diabetes in urban India.
Article in Environment international, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between DDT or its byproducts and T2DM: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Pesticides associated with incident diabetes among licensed private pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study cohort (1993-2021).Environment international · 2026Article
- Organic Pollutants and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes · 2026Article
- Global Evidence on Monitoring Human Pesticide Exposure.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Environmental endocrine disruptor-induced mitochondrial dysfunction: a potential mechanism underlying diabetes and its complications.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Disease Endpoints.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Acute exposure to environmentally relevant levels of DDT alters muscle mitochondrial function in vivo in rats but not in vitro in L6 myotubes: A pilot study.Toxicology reports · 2022Article
- Dietary Magnesium Intake Ameliorates the Association Between Household Pesticide Exposure and Type 2 Diabetes: Data From NHANES, 2007-2018.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Contribution of insect gut microbiota and their associated enzymes in insect physiology and biodegradation of pesticides.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Non-Occupational Exposure to Pesticides: Experimental Approaches and Analytical Techniques (from 2019).Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The importance of food systems and the environment for nutrition.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Article
- Sex-specific Associations Between Type 2 Diabetes Incidence and Exposure to Dioxin and Dioxin-like Pollutants: A Meta-analysis.Frontiers in toxicology · 2021Review
- Genetic association of anthropometric traits with type 2 diabetes in ethnically endogamous Sindhi families.PloS one · 2021Article
- Design and Rationale of the Biomarker Center of the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) Trial.Environmental health perspectives · 2020Article
- Endocrine Society of India's National White Paper on Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals - A Call for Action.Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolismArticle
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious epidemiological studies, largely conducted in high-income countries and cross-sectional, have suggested a relatively strong association between exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), a metabolite of the pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and type 2 diabetes. DDT is widely used in India and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes there is increasing, but the association between these factors has not been explored to date.
objectiveThe objective was to estimate the association of the p,p' isomer of DDE with incident type 2 diabetes in India.
methodsA nested case-control study was conducted in a representative prospective cohort of adults from two cities in India. Participants were enrolled in 2010-11 (n = 12,271) and followed for annual assessment of chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes. Baseline plasma samples from incident cases of diabetes (n = 193) and sex-city-matched controls (n = 323) were selected for analysis of p,p-DDE. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression.
resultsAt baseline, cases had higher p,p-DDE concentrations: geometric mean (95% CI) 330 (273-399) ng/g lipid compared to 223 (189-262) ng/g lipid among controls. Delhi participants had higher p,p-DDE concentrations: 579 (521-643) ng/g lipid compared to 122 (102-145) ng/g lipid in Chennai. In unadjusted models, being in the highest versus lowest quartile of p,p-DDE was associated with a more than doubling of the odds of diabetes: unadjusted OR (95% CI), 2.30 (1.19, 4.43). However, this effect was no longer significant after adjustment for age: adjusted (95% CI), 0.97 (0.46, 2.06). DISCUSSION: Results suggest that levels of p,p'-DDE in Delhi are exceptionally high, but we did not observe a significant association between p,p-DDE and incident type 2 diabetes. As this is the first study to evaluate this association in India, more studies are needed to inform our understanding of the association in this context, including potential routes of exposure.
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