Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31653860›Full record

ArticleNature communications2019

Quantifying the polygenic contribution to variable expressivity in eleven rare genetic disorders.

M T Oetjens, M A Kelly, A C Sturm, C L Martin, D H Ledbetter

Full text read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
75citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

75 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Whole Genome Sequencing Reveals amedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Identification of a NovelDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  12. Common and rare genetic variants explain distinct diagnostic variance in pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. X and Y gene dosage effects are primary contributors to human sexual dimorphism: The case of height.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  17. Astrocyte Reactivity Polygenic Risk Score May Predict Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease.Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. The pleiotropic spectrum of proximal 16p11.2 CNVs.American journal of human genetics · 2024
    Review
  20. Article

15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

M T OetjensGeisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA. mtoetjens@geisinger.edu.
M A KellyGeisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA.
A C SturmGeisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA.
C L MartinGeisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA.
D H LedbetterGeisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA. dhledbetter@geisinger.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8934-4210

Funding

GENE DOSAGE IMBALANCE IN NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERSR01MH074090 · NIMH · GEISINGER CLINIC · PI David H. Ledbetter, CHRISTA LESE MARTIN · 2005 to 2026
$13.5M
Gender differences in quantitative measures of autonomic function and clinical features of the autism phenotypeR01MH107431 · NIMH · GEISINGER CLINIC · PI MARTIN, CHRISTA LESE · 2015 to 2019
$3.4M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH074090NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH107431
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rare genetic disorders (RGDs) often exhibit significant clinical variability among affected individuals, a disease characteristic termed variable expressivity. Recently, the aggregate effect of common variation, quantified as polygenic scores (PGSs), has emerged as an effective tool for predictions of disease risk and trait variation in the general population. Here, we measure the effect of PGSs on 11 RGDs including four sex-chromosome aneuploidies (47,XXX; 47,XXY; 47,XYY; 45,X) that affect height; two copy-number variant (CNV) disorders (16p11.2 deletions and duplications) and a Mendelian disease (melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency (MC4R)) that affect BMI; and two Mendelian diseases affecting cholesterol: familial hypercholesterolemia (FH; LDLR and APOB) and familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL; PCSK9 and APOB). Our results demonstrate that common, polygenic factors of relevant complex traits frequently contribute to variable expressivity of RGDs and that PGSs may be a useful metric for predicting clinical severity in affected individuals and for risk stratification.

Indexed as

Body Mass IndexMultifactorial InheritanceApolipoproteins BAutistic DisorderBody HeightCholesterol, LDLChromosome DeletionChromosome DisordersChromosome DuplicationChromosomes, Human, Pair 16Chromosomes, Human, XFemaleHumansHyperlipoproteinemia Type IIHypobetalipoproteinemiasIntellectual DisabilityApolipoproteins BCholesterol, LDLLDLR protein, humanMC4R protein, humanPCSK9 protein, humanProprotein Convertase 9Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4Receptors, LDL

Identifiers

PMID31653860
PMCPMC6814771

What OpenQuestion holds

Textfull text, public
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.