ArticleAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP2019
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Cervical Dysplasia among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Sero-Positive Females on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Enugu, Southeastern, Nigeria.
Article in Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) on HPV Persistence and Cervical Cancer Progression Among Women with HPV/HIV Co-infection: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- The Burden of HPV Infections and HPV-Related Diseases Among People With HIV: A Systematic Literature Review.Journal of medical virology · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and predictors of cervical lesions among women on ART in the Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: facility-based cross-sectional study.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of high-risk HPV and cervical abnormalities in HIV-positive women in Bali, Indonesia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- HIV prevalence among cervical (pre)cancer diagnoses in Suriname: a retrospective population study.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
objectiveEvaluation of prevalence and risk factors of cervical dysplasia among Human Immunodeficiency Virus sero-positive (HIV+ve) females on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) attending HIV clinic at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu, Southeastern, Nigeria.
methodsStructured questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic and risk factors data. Cervical specimens were collected from 105 HIV +ve females on HAART and 104 HIV seronegative (HIV-ve) females. Pap smears were collected using cytobrush and Ayre's spatula in a secluded place. Smears were made on slides and placed in 95% ethyl alcohol for conventional Pap staining and the cytobrush washed into the preservative containers for later Immunocytochemistry staining. Blood samples were used for HIV screening. Immunocytochemistry activity using anti-P16INK4A was carried out on the Pap smears that were positive for cervical dysplasia.
resultsPap staining showed prevalence of cervical dysplasia among HIV+ve on HAART 19.05%, (ASCUS 14.29%, LSIL 3.81%, HSIL 0.95%) whereas HIV-ve was 6.73%, p = 0.008. Only the HSIL 0.95% was positive for P16INK4A. Odds ratios at 95% Confident Interval of the risk factors of cervical dysplasia were thus; HIV+ve, 3.26 (1.31-8.09), education less than secondary school 3.23 (1.25-8.37), polygamy 3.23 (1.25-8.37), smoking 1.36 (0.15-12.10), married 2.08 (0.43-2.31), grand multi gravidity 1.72 (0.72-4.11), grand multi parity 1.54 (0.66-3.61), positive history of sexually transmitted diseases 2.49 (1.06-5.80). Uptake of cervical cancer screening was low in both study groups, 7 (6.7%) among HIV+ve on HAART and 14 (13.5%) among HIV-ve females, P = 0.102.
conclusionHAART had cytoprotective effect against cervical dysplasia in HIV+ve females, by reducing progression of ASCUS to LSIL, HSIL and cervical cancer. Progression from normal to ASCUS increased which could be due to latency or/and prolonged persistent high risk HPV and HIV infections, of the most sexually active age group before diagnosed of HIV.
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