ReviewChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2019
Caffeine and Clinical Outcomes in Premature Neonates.
Review in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Continuous positive airway pressure versus methylxanthine for apnoea in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Early caffeine therapy decreases bronchopulmonary dysplasia but might increase mortality in preterm infants? a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Strategies for cessation of caffeine administration in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Putative mechanisms of caffeine as a neuroprotectant in preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Caffeine-associated reduction in patent ductus arteriosus is mediated in part by adenosine receptor antagonism.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2025Article
- Short- and long-term neurobehavioural impairments in mice offspring following chronic perinatal caffeine exposure and withdrawal.BMC neuroscience · 2025Article
- Neuroprotective effects of caffeine, erythropoietin, magnesium sulfate, and thyroxine in preterm infants: a network meta-analysis.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
- Energy Drink Exposures and Trends in Children and Young Adults Reported to the National Poison Data System.Progress in pediatric cardiology · 2025Article
- Impact of maternal energy drink consumption during gestation and lactation on brain health in neonatal Wistar albino rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The shifting landscape of the preterm brain.Neuron · 2025Review
- Abnormal chenodexycholic acid metabolism programming promotes cartilage matrix degradation in male adult offspring rats induced by prenatal caffeine exposure.Toxicology research · 2025Article
- Effects of Caffeine on THP-1 Myelogenous Cell Inflammatory Gene Expression.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Clinical efficacy of different maintenance doses of caffeine citrate in the treatment of apnea of prematurity.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Oxycardiorespirograms in neonatal monitoring-current gaps and future potential of artificial intelligence: a mini-review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- The utility of caffeine citrate as a neuroprotectant in the early life of premature newborns: a literature review of the effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- The Neuroprotective Effects of Caffeine in a Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia Model are Regulated through the AMPK/mTOR Pathway.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Article
- The association of gene polymorphisms of adenosine and dopamine receptors with the response to caffeine citrate treatment in infants with apnea of prematurity: a prospective nested case-control study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Caffeine: The Story beyond Oxygen-Induced Lung and Brain Injury in Neonatal Animal Models-A Narrative Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Predictors for poor daily weight gain in preterm neonates exposed to different dose regimens of caffeine in ICU- a retrospective cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Caffeine Administration in Piglets with Low Birthweight and Low Vitality Scores, and Its Effect on Physiological Blood Profile, Acid-Base Balance, Gas Exchange, and Infrared Thermal Response.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Caffeine is the most widely used drug by both adults and children worldwide due to its ability to promote alertness and elevate moods. It is effective in the management of apnea of prematurity in premature infants. Caffeine for apnea of prematurity reduces the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very-low-birth-weight infants and improves survival without neurodevelopmental disability at 18-21 months. Follow-up studies of the infants in the Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity trial highlight the long-term safety of caffeine in these infants, especially relating to motor, behavioral, and intelligence skills. However, in animal models, exposure to caffeine during pregnancy and lactation adversely affects neuronal development and adult behavior of their offspring. Prenatal caffeine predisposes to intrauterine growth restriction and small growth for gestational age at birth. However, in-utero exposure to caffeine is also associated with excess growth, obesity, and cardio-metabolic changes in children. Caffeine therapy is a significant advance in newborn care, conferring immediate benefits in preterm neonates. Studies should help define the appropriate therapeutic window for caffeine treatment along with with the mechanisms relating to its beneficial effects on the brain and the lung. The long-term consequences of caffeine in adults born preterm are being studied and may depend on the ability of caffeine to modulate both the expression and the maturation of adenosine receptors in infants treated with caffeine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.