ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2019
Neurological Immune Related Adverse Events Associated with Nivolumab, Ipilimumab, and Pembrolizumab Therapy-Review of the Literature and Future Outlook.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Cardiac Toxicity Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Pembrolizumab-associated myasthenia gravis in thymic tumors: A single-center case series and comparative analysis.Journal of neuromuscular diseases · 2026Article
- A Rare Case of Suspected Immune-Related Encephalopathy Following Pembrolizumab Plus Lenvatinib Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma.IJU case reports · 2026Article
- Advances and challenges in glioblastoma immunotherapy: a meta-analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Disproportionality Analysis and Timing of Drug-Associated Guillain-Barré Syndrome Onset Based on the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome Related to Pembrolizumab Treatment for Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- The cure hit a nerve: a case of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced mononeuritis multiplex.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Review
- Severe neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder induced by pucotenlimab: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Psychometric validation of Chinese version of the immunotherapy of the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory for Early-Phase Trials module in a multi-cancer cohort.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors and the inflammatory dysregulation: decoding cutaneous and gastrointestinal immune-related adverse events for the allergist and immunologist.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Low triglyceride levels are associated with increased risk of immune-related adverse events in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Neurological immune-related adverse events after ICI treatment: a protocol for an overview of systematic reviews.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Pembrolizumab-induced myasthenia gravis: A rare immune-related adverse event in a patient treated for bladder cancer.Urology case reports · 2025Article
- Guillain-Barré syndrome.BJA education · 2025Review
- Characterization of Hospital Admissions During Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Insights From the ICOG Study.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Multifocal disseminated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy as severe central nervous system toxicity from nivolumab therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma: a case report.Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Article
- Management of immune-related myocarditis, myositis and myasthenia gravis (MMM) overlap syndrome: a single institution case series and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Evaluation of warning strategies for paraneoplastic neurological syndromes associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- A Rare Case of Akathisia After Removal of Subdural Hematoma During Treatment for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Akathisia Induced by Brain Injury or Immune Checkpoint Inhibition.Case reports in oncological medicine · 2025Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized the management of various cancers with previously poor prognosis. Despite its great efficacy, the therapy is associated with a wide spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAE) including neurological symptoms which can affect all parts of the central and peripheral nervous system. Even though these events are rare, they are of high relevance as the rate of residual symptoms or even fatal outcomes is remarkable. To provide a detailed overview of neurological adverse events associated with immune checkpoint-inhibitor therapy we conducted a literature search. While focusing on ipilimumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab therapy, all available case reports as well as larger case series and clinical trials have been considered. Eighty-two case reports about checkpoint-inhibitor therapy induced symptoms of the peripheral nervous system have been published, while only 43 case reports addressed central nervous system abnormalities. The frequency of immune checkpoint-inhibitor therapy inducing neurological adverse events is about 1% in larger studies. Especially neuromuscular adverse events exhibit distinct clinical and diagnostic characteristics. Additionally, several affected patients presented with overlap-syndromes, which means that symptoms and diagnostic findings indicating myositis, myasthenia gravis, and neuropathy were present in one individual patient at the same time. Thus, neurological and particularly neuromuscular adverse events of immune checkpoint-inhibitor therapy may constitute a new disease entity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.