Observational studyMedicine2019
Impact of trauma designation levels on survival of drowning victims: An observational study from trauma centers in the United States.
Observational study in Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of trauma level designation on mortality in trauma patients with sepsis: an observational study across US trauma centers.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Drowning and Nonfatal Drowning in Children and Adolescents: A Subsequent Retrospective Data Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Outcomes of Pediatric Traumatic Cardiac Arrest: A 15-year Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Center in Saudi Arabia.Cureus · 2023Article
- Cervical spine immobilisation is only required in drowning patients at high risk of axial loading of the spine.Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA · 2023Article
- Prehospital Cross-Sectional Study of Drowning Patients Across the United States.Wilderness & environmental medicine · 2021Article
- Outcomes of blunt trauma patients in police versus ground ambulance transport across US trauma centers.Acute medicine & surgeryArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Drowning causes significant morbidity and mortality. Healthcare regionalization aims at improving patient outcomes. This study examines the impact of trauma center level designation on survival of drowning victims.Retrospective cohort study utilizing the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) 2015. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted.The 212 patients were included. Mean age was 33.58 (±20.02) years with 69.3% (n = 147) males. Patients were mostly taken to Level I (n = 107, 50.5%) and II (n = 81, 32.8%) centers, requiring admission (43.5% (n = 96), 23.1% (n = 49) and 8.5% (n = 18) to Intensive Care, floor, and Operating Room, respectively). Overall hospital discharge survival was 83.5% (n = 177). After adjusting for confounders, there was no significant difference in survival of patients taken to Level I compared to Level II and III centers.This study did not identify a survival benefit for patients with drowning related injuries when taken to Level I compared to Level II or III Trauma centers. Further outcome studies are needed in organized trauma systems to improve field triage criteria for specific injury mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.