ArticleChild and adolescent psychiatry and mental health2019
Executive functioning and neurodevelopmental disorders in early childhood: a prospective population-based study.
Article in Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Effect of Physical Activity Interventions on Executive Function Among People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Meta-Analysis.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of Probiotics on the Symptomatology of Autism Spectrum Disorder and/or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents: Pilot Study.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Trial
- Prenatal neural network organization and later executive function development.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Early life phthalate and replacement plasticizer exposures and changes in early childhood brain functional connectivity and structural morphology.Environment international · 2026Article
- Extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid volumes from 6 to 24 months of age are associated with poorer executive function at school-age in children with and without autism.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2026Article
- Article
- Differential associations of parents' ADHD tendencies, boredom proneness, and parenting styles with children's ADHD tendencies and boredom proneness.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Protocol for a feasibility randomized control trial of the Supporting Toddlers with a connection to autism or ADHD to develop Strong Attention, Regulation, and Thinking skills (START) programme.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2025Article
- Executive Functioning Profiles in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Profiles of developmental disorder and associations with gestational age.Archives of disease in childhood · 2025Article
- Sex differences in brain-behavior relationships in the first 2 years of life.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Article
- Longitudinally Predicting Behavioral Challenges From Executive Functioning in Youth With Down Syndrome.American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities · 2025Article
- Clinical interplay between autism spectrum disorder and bipolar disorder: a narrative review.Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy · 2025Review
- Conceptualizing avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder via an executive functioning lens.The International journal of eating disorders · 2024Article
- Autism Spectrum Disorder and BRIEF-P: A Review and Meta-Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Distinct Constellations of Common Risk Factors Differentially Relate to Executive-Function Ability in Children.Psychological science · 2024Article
- Association of Sex With Neurobehavioral Markers of Executive Function in 2-Year-Olds at High and Low Likelihood of Autism.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- A vocational rehabilitation partnership to provide transition services to young adults with neurodevelopmental disabilities: The cognitive skills enhancement program.Journal of vocational rehabilitation · 2023Article
- How attention factors into executive function in preschool children.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Cognitive functioning and clinical characteristics of children with non-syndromic orofacial clefts: A case-control study.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExecutive functioning deficits are common in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. However, prior research mainly focused on clinical populations employing cross-sectional designs, impeding conclusions on temporal neurodevelopmental pathways. Here, we examined the prospective association of executive functioning with subsequent autism spectrum disorder (ASD) traits and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits.
methodsThis study included young children from the Generation R Study, a general population birth cohort. The Brief Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version was used to assess parent-reported behavioral executive functioning when the children were 4 years old. ASD traits were assessed at age 6 (n = 3938) using the parent-reported Social Responsiveness Scale. The Teacher Report Form was used to assess ADHD traits at age 7 (n = 2749). Children with high scores were screened to determine possible clinical ASD or ADHD diagnoses. We were able to confirm an ASD diagnosis for n = 56 children by retrieving their medical records and established an ADHD diagnosis for n = 194 children using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-Young Child version (DISC-YC). Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear and logistic regressions.
resultsImpaired executive functioning was associated with more ASD and ADHD traits across informants (for ASD traits and diagnoses: β = 0.33, 95% CI [0.30-0.37]; OR = 2.69, 95% CI [1.92-3.77], respectively; for ADHD traits and diagnoses: β = 0.12, 95% CI [0.07-0.16]; OR = 2.32, 95% CI [1.89-2.85], respectively). Deficits in all subdomains were associated with higher levels of ASD traits, whereas only impaired inhibition, working memory, and planning/organization were associated with more ADHD traits.
conclusionsThe findings of the current study suggest a graded association of executive functioning difficulties along the continuum of ASD and ADHD and that problems in executive functioning may be a precursor of ASD and ADHD traits from an early age onwards.
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