ArticleFrontiers in neurology2019
Embodiment and Presence in Virtual Reality After Stroke. A Comparative Study With Healthy Subjects.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Combined Immersive and Nonimmersive Virtual Reality With Mirror Therapy for Patients With Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Immersive Virtual Reality in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Pooled it
- A Multimodal Therapist-Supervised Robotic Gait-Training Platform with Phase-Synchronized Infrared Thermal Biofeedback: A Concept-Level Technical and Translational Healthcare Framework.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Effect of unilaterally manipulating the step length of an embodied avatar on gait symmetry in healthy adults.Virtual reality · 2026Article
- Impact of an upper limb motion-driven virtual rehabilitation system on residual motor function in patients with complete spinal cord injury： a pilot study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Vivid illusions and realtime feedback in VR-improved motor imagery and motivation of stroke patients with impaired motor imagery.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality for Motor Neurorehabilitation: Scoping Review Focused on the Role of Body Representation.JMIR XR and spatial computing · 2025Review
- Effect of concurrent action observation, peripheral nerve stimulation and motor imagery on dexterity in patients after stroke: a pilot study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Study of the Possibility of Using Virtual Reality Application in Rehabilitation among Elderly Post-Stroke Patients.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Visual Feedback and Guided Balance Training in an Immersive Virtual Reality Environment for Lower Extremity Rehabilitation.Computers & graphics · 2024Article
- An Immersive Virtual Kitchen Training System for People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Development and Validation Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment.Virtual reality · 2023Article
- The neuroscience of body memory: Recent findings and conceptual advances.EXCLI journal · 2023Review
- Immersive Virtual Reality during Robot-Assisted Gait Training: Validation of a New Device in Stroke Rehabilitation.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Developing an Immersive Virtual Reality Training System for Novel Pediatric Power Wheelchair Users: Protocol for a Feasibility Study.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- Predictors of the Sense of Embodiment of a Female Victim of Sexual Harassment in a Male Sample Through 360-Degree Video-Based Virtual Reality.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- The Use of the Term Virtual Reality in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review and Commentary.Psychologica Belgica · 2021Review
- Memories for third-person experiences in immersive virtual reality.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ability of virtual reality (VR) to recreate controlled, immersive, and interactive environments that provide intensive and customized exercises has motivated its therapeutic use after stroke. Interaction and bodily presence in VR-based interventions is usually mediated through virtual selves, which synchronously represent body movements or responses to events on external input devices. Embodied self-representations in the virtual world not only provide an anchor for visuomotor tasks, but their morphologies can have behavioral implications. While research has focused on the underlying subjective mechanisms of exposure to VR on healthy individuals, the transference of these findings to individuals with stroke is not evident and remains unexplored, which could affect the experience and, ultimately, the clinical effectiveness of neurorehabilitation interventions. This study determined and compared the sense of embodiment and presence elicited by a virtual environment under different perspectives and levels of immersion in healthy subjects and individuals with stroke. Forty-six healthy subjects and 32 individuals with stroke embodied a gender-matched neutral avatar in a virtual environment that was displayed in a first-person perspective with a head-mounted display and in a third-person perspective with a screen, and the participants were asked to interact in a virtual task for 10 min under each condition in counterbalanced order, and to complete two questionnaires about the sense of embodiment and presence experienced during the interaction. The sense of body-ownership, self-location, and presence were more vividly experienced in a first-person than in a third-person perspective by both healthy subjects (
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