ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2019
Peripheral Humoral Immune Response Is Associated With the Non-motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Engram cell vulnerability in neurodegeneration: from mechanistic insights to therapeutic horizons.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- "Recommendations for clinical study protocols for immune and inflammatory profiling in Parkinson's disease".NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Review
- Affective and chronic fatigue symptoms are associated with serum neuronal damage markers in Parkinson's disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association between peripheral adaptive immune markers and disease progression in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Cntnap4 partial deficiency exacerbates α-synuclein pathology through astrocyte-microglia C3-C3aR pathway.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- Blood Biomarkers in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Review in Context of Anesthetic Care.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Changes of T lymphocyte subpopulations and their roles in predicting the risk of Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurology · 2022Article
- High resolution 16S rRNA gene Next Generation Sequencing study of brain areas associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Identification and validation of key molecules associated with humoral immune modulation in Parkinson's disease based on bioinformatics.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease - Putative Pathomechanisms and Targets for Disease-Modification.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Inflammation in Parkinson's Disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2022Review
- Alterations of Plasma Galectin-3 and C3 Levels in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Neuroinflammatory Responses and Parkinson' Disease: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2020Review
- Protein Deimination Signatures in Plasma and Plasma-EVs and Protein Deimination in the Brain Vasculature in a Rat Model of Pre-Motor Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNon-motor symptoms are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and can even be used as part of the supportive criteria for diagnosis. Chronic inflammation is involved in every stage of PD. Disorders of the immune system affect the peripheral blood. Whether the humoral immune response is associated with the non-motor symptoms of PD remains unknown.
methodsMann-Whitney tests and Bonferroni correction were used to compare the serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C4 between 180 sporadic PD patients and 187 healthy controls. Multiple regression models were conducted to assess the associations among these indicators of humoral immunity and the clinical features of PD patients.
resultsMale PD patients had lower levels of C3 and C4 than healthy controls [0.87 (0.22) vs. 0.96 (0.19); 0.19 (0.06) vs. 0.22 (0.07), respectively, Pc < 0.01] and lower levels of C3 than female PD patients [0.87 (0.22) vs. 1.02 (0.23), Pc < 0.01]. Patients suffering from attention/memory problems had significantly lower levels of IgA and C3 than those without these problems [1.92 (1.21) vs. 2.57 (0.76); 0.89 (0.24) vs. 0.97 (0.24), respectively, Pc < 0.04]. In addition, serum IgG levels were negatively associated with mood/cognition problem scores and were positively associated with gastrointestinal tract problem scores (adjusted
conclusionThe peripheral humoral immune response might be correlated with the non-motor symptoms of PD.
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