ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2019
MAIT cells are imprinted by the microbiota in early life and promote tissue repair.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 342 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
342 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 544 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune checkpoint expression in mucosal-associated invariant T cells is stimulus-dependent.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025Pooled it
- Icotrokinra induces early and sustained pharmacodynamic responses in phase IIb study of patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis.JCI insight · 2025Trial
- Recent advances and clinical relevance of microbiome dynamics in health and disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota translocation and dissemination in health: can it be beneficial and purposeful?Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Microbial cues and T cell immunity: deciphering their interactions in chronic liver disease.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Shaping the future of early-onset colorectal cancer prevention.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Review
- Plasticity of the infant immune system during the perinatal period.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Gut archaea drive human MAIT cell responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Immune features of graft-derived mucosal-associated invariant T cells predict gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease.British journal of haematology · 2026Article
- Select intratumoral riboflavin-auxotrophicProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Peri-weaning, diet-induced activation of an IFNγ-mediated regulatory circuit promotes cDC1 maturation and CD8Nature communications · 2026Article
- Maternal and infant gut microbiome.iMeta · 2026Review
- Analysis of Human Thymopoiesis Reveals Rapid Postnatal Remodeling of Thymocytes Within the First 3 Months of Life.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- 4-1BB Expression and Signaling Regulates MAIT Cell Activation and Effector Functions.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Article
- Cytosolic delivery of bacterial metabolites by riboflavin transporters promotes MR1 antigen presentation and MAIT cell recognition.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Article
- Mucosal-associated invariant T cells support IL-15-dependent Treg response in skin injury and promote resolution of skin inflammation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Human neonatal MR1T cells have more diverse TCR repertoires but reduced bacterial recognition than adult MR1T cells.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The Gut Microbiome in Early Ontogeny: Implications for Brain and Immune System Development.Journal of developmental biology · 2026Review
- Microbiota-dependent interferon-λ controls immunity of the uterus and maternal-fetal interface.Research square · 2026Article
282 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
23 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
How early-life colonization and subsequent exposure to the microbiota affect long-term tissue immunity remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the development of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells relies on a specific temporal window, after which MAIT cell development is permanently impaired. This imprinting depends on early-life exposure to defined microbes that synthesize riboflavin-derived antigens. In adults, cutaneous MAIT cells are a dominant population of interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-producing lymphocytes, which display a distinct transcriptional signature and can subsequently respond to skin commensals in an IL-1-, IL-18-, and antigen-dependent manner. Consequently, local activation of cutaneous MAIT cells promotes wound healing. Together, our work uncovers a privileged interaction between defined members of the microbiota and MAIT cells, which sequentially controls both tissue-imprinting and subsequent responses to injury.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.