Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31648081›Full record

ArticleJournal of experimental child psychology2020

Developmental transformations in the structure of executive functions.

Johanna Hartung, Laura E Engelhardt, Megan L Thibodeaux, K Paige Harden, Elliot M Tucker-Drob

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of experimental child psychology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  3. The topology of adolescent mental health.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
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  5. Review
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  9. Modelling nonlinear moderation effects with local structural equation modelling (LSEM): A non-technical introduction.International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
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  15. Estimating Local Structural Equation Models.Journal of Intelligence · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Johanna HartungInstitute of Psychology and Education, Department of Psychology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany. Electronic address: johanna.hartung@uni-ulm.de.
Laura E EngelhardtDepartment of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Megan L ThibodeauxDepartment of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
K Paige HardenDepartment of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Elliot M Tucker-DrobDepartment of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.

Funding

Population Research CenterR24HD042849 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AUSTIN · PI UMBERSON, DEBRA J. · 2002 to 2016
$8.4M
Scientific & Technical CoreP2CHD042849 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI Elizabeth T. Gershoff · 2017 to 2026
$5.2M
Cortisol, Socioeconomic Status, and Genetic Influences on Cognitive DevelopmentR01HD083613 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI TUCKER-DROB, ELLIOT MAX · 2016 to 2020
$3.0M
NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD042849NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD083613NICHD NIH HHS R24 HD042849
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Comparisons of results from studies of executive function (EF) in early childhood to those of EF in middle and late childhood suggest that individual differences in EFs may differentiate from a unitary factor in early childhood to an increasingly multidimensional structure in middle childhood and adolescence. We tested whether associations among EFs strengthened from middle childhood to adolescence using cross-sectional data from a population-based sample of 1019 children aged 7-15 years (M = 10.79 years). Participants completed a comprehensive EF battery consisting of 15 measures tapping working memory, updating, switching, and inhibition domains. Moderated factor analysis, local structural equation modeling, and network modeling were applied to assess age-related differences in the factor structure of EF. Results from all three approaches indicated that working memory and updating maintained uniformly high patterns of covariation across the age range, whereas inhibition became increasingly differentiated from the other three domains beginning around 10 years of age. However, consistent with past research, inhibition tasks were only weakly intercorrelated. Age-related differences in the organization of switching abilities were mixed.

Indexed as

Child DevelopmentExecutive FunctionAdolescentAgingChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansIndividualityInhibition, PsychologicalMaleMemory, Short-TermModels, PsychologicalNeuropsychological TestsAge differentiationDevelopmentExecutive functionInhibitionLocal structural equation modelsModerated factor analysis

Identifiers

PMID31648081
PMCPMC6851482

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.