Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31646456›Full record

ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2020

The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis: A Case Study in Peripheral Trauma with Implications for Health Professionals.

Marcella Alsan, Marianne Wanamaker, Rachel R Hardeman

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
32.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Racial Climate on Willingness to Participate in Clinical Research.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026
    Article
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  7. Key Considerations in Evaluating Syphilis Therapeutics.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Breaking the silence: understanding the unique burden on informal Black male dementia caregivers.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
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  14. TheFrontiers in public health · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Marcella AlsanJohn F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Marianne WanamakerNational Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA. wanamaker@utk.edu.
Rachel R HardemanDivision of Health Policy & Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
John F. Kennedy University · USMinnesota Department of Health · USNational Bureau of Economic Research · US

Funding

Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9M
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study and the Health of Black MenR03MD011449 · NIMHD · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI ALSAN, MARCELLA · 2017 to 2018
$170k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NIMHD NIH HHS R03 MD011449
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Racially or ethnically targeted events may have adverse health implications for members of the group not directly targeted, a phenomenon known as peripheral trauma. Recent evidence suggests that mass incarceration, police brutality, and immigration actions all have such effects, as did medical exploitation by the US government during the Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male. We summarize recent findings in the economics literature on population-level effects of the Tuskegee study, including a decline in health-seeking behavior and a rise of both mortality and medical mistrust among African-American men not enrolled in the study. We highlight the relevance of our findings for present-day racial health disparities. Practitioner awareness of peripheral trauma is an important element of cultural competency. But among options to substantially improve minority trust in the healthcare system, the diversification of medical practitioners may hold greatest promise.

Indexed as

SyphilisBlack or African AmericanHealth PersonnelHumansMaleMinority GroupsTrustmistrust in institutionspopulation healthracial disparities

Identifiers

PMID31646456
PMCPMC6957600
OpenAlexW2981897631

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.