ArticleOncoimmunology
Human Mesenchymal glioblastomas are characterized by an increased immune cell presence compared to Proneural and Classical tumors.
Article in Oncoimmunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- T cell immunity in glioma and potential implications for immunotherapy: A systematic review.Neuro-oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- MALT1 protease inhibition restrains glioblastoma progression by reversing tumor-associated macrophage-dependent immunosuppression in mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Therapeutic Resistance and Recent Advances in Glioblastoma Treatment.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Review
- NF1 Leucine Rich Domain-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Remodel the Glioblastoma Immune Microenvironment via an ADAM17-Associated Inflammatory Program.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- APTw CEST MRI in therapy-naive IDH-wildtype glioblastoma: insights into tumor heterogeneity and molecular subtypes.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Glioblastoma: epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and therapeutic resistance.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Immune Subtypes and Survival in Patients with Primary Glioma.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- A cellular epigenetic classification system for glioblastoma.Neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- A prognostic matrix gene expression signature defines functional glioblastoma phenotypes and niches.Communications biology · 2026Article
- cIMPACT-NOW update 11: Proposal on adaptation of diagnostic criteria for IDH- and H3-wildtype diffuse high-grade gliomas and for posterior fossa ependymal tumors.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Glioblastoma as a neuro-immune network disorder: rethinking the tumor microenvironment, neural circuit integration, and therapeutic resistance.Oncology reviews · 2026Review
- A retrospective analysis of survival prognostic factors and risk stratification in recurrent glioblastoma.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Glioma‑associated microglia and macrophages as a potential target for mTOR inhibition in glioblastoma.Molecular medicine reports · 2025Article
- Targeting TGFβ docking receptor glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) via novel chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell platform to treat glioblastoma.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- GBMPurity: A machine learning tool for estimating glioblastoma tumor purity from bulk RNA-sequencing data.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Peripheral blood-derived immune cell counts as prognostic indicators and their relationship with DNA methylation subclasses in glioblastoma patients.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in adults, with a median survival of 14.6 months. Recent efforts have focused on identifying clinically relevant subgroups to improve our understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms and patient stratification. Concurrently, the role of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment has received increasing attention, especially T cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). The latter are a mixed population of activated brain-resident microglia and infiltrating monocytes/monocyte-derived macrophages, both of which express ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1). This study investigated differences in immune cell subpopulations among distinct transcriptional subtypes of GBM. Human GBM samples were molecularly characterized and assigned to Proneural, Mesenchymal or Classical subtypes as defined by NanoString nCounter Technology. Subsequently, we performed and analyzed automated immunohistochemical stainings for TAM as well as specific T cell populations. The Mesenchymal subtype of GBM showed the highest presence of TAM, CD8
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.