ArticleNature communications2019
Multiple associative structures created by reinforcement and incidental statistical learning mechanisms.
Article in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Flexible neural representations of abstract structural knowledge in the human entorhinal cortex.eLife · 2026Article
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- Dopamine-independent effect of rewards on choices through hidden-state inference.Nature neuroscience · 2024Article
- Forward and backward blocking in statistical learning.PloS one · 2024Article
- Local and global reward learning in the lateral frontal cortex show differential development during human adolescence.PLoS biology · 2023Article
- Recent progress in three-terminal artificial synapses based on 2D materials: from mechanisms to applications.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2023Review
- Tracking human skill learning with a hierarchical Bayesian sequence model.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
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- Do psychedelics change beliefs?Psychopharmacology · 2022Review
- Interaction within and between cortical networks subserving multisensory learning and its reorganization due to musical expertise.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Using deep learning to predict human decisions and using cognitive models to explain deep learning models.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Interactions between ventrolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex during learning and behavioural change.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Review
- Reward impacts visual statistical learning.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2021Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Learning the structure of the world can be driven by reinforcement but also occurs incidentally through experience. Reinforcement learning theory has provided insight into how prediction errors drive updates in beliefs but less attention has been paid to the knowledge resulting from such learning. Here we contrast associative structures formed through reinforcement and experience of task statistics. BOLD neuroimaging in human volunteers demonstrates rigid representations of rewarded sequences in temporal pole and posterior orbito-frontal cortex, which are constructed backwards from reward. By contrast, medial prefrontal cortex and a hippocampal-amygdala border region carry reward-related knowledge but also flexible statistical knowledge of the currently relevant task model. Intriguingly, ventral striatum encodes prediction error responses but not the full RL- or statistically derived task knowledge. In summary, representations of task knowledge are derived via multiple learning processes operating at different time scales that are associated with partially overlapping and partially specialized anatomical regions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.