ReviewJAMA cardiology2019
Apolipoprotein B Particles and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review.
Review in JAMA cardiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06316453 (Prospective Assessment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 295 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Prospective Assessment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) Risk in Adults (30 Years and Above) in Pakistan: A Multi-Year Study Investigating Incidence, Validation, and Management Strategies
Who cites it
295 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 552 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lomitapide, a Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein Inhibitor, in Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Safety.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Early administration of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Tracking of apolipoprotein B levels measured in childhood and adolescence: systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- DELTA: Strengthening human biological resilience with an N=1 digital health and dynamic biomarker protocol.PloS one · 2026Trial
- Multiplex Apolipoprotein Panel Improves Cardiovascular Event Prediction and Cardiovascular Outcome by Identifying Patients Who Benefit From Targeted PCSK9 Inhibitor Therapy.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Pecan Intake Improves Lipoprotein Particle Concentrations Compared with Usual Intake in Adults at Increased Risk of Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of treat-to-target cholesterol-lowering interventions on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality risk in the community-dwelling population: a target trial emulation.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Comparison of the impact of saturated fat from full-fat yogurt or low-fat yogurt and butter on cardiometabolic factors: a randomized cross-over trial.European journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Consumption of Different Egg-Based Diets Alters Clinical Metabolic and Hematological Parameters in Young, Healthy Men and Women.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- DNA Methylation Near CPT1A and Changes in Triglyceride-rich Lipoproteins in Response to Weight-loss Diet Interventions.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Trial
- Olive pomace oil can improve blood lipid profile: a randomized, blind, crossover, controlled clinical trial in healthy and at-risk volunteers.European journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on coronary atheroma morphology in patients with coronary artery disease treated with statins: a meta-analysis and systematic review.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Higher APOB is associated with poor renal outcome in lupus nephritis.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Top 10 Concepts in Secondary ASCVD Prevention From the 2026 ACC/AHA Dyslipidemia Guideline: What Is New and Why It Matters.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- High resolution lipoprotein subfraction profiling identifies obesity associated distributional changes in LDL and HDL subfractions and particle ratios.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Non-traditional lipid-inflammatory parameters estimate the risk of stroke in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: a nationwide prospective cohort study.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Real-World Attainment of Guideline-Recommended Lipid Targets in Patients with High and Very High Cardiovascular Risk: A Prospective 12-Month Observational Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Apolipoprotein B/A1 Ratio Improves Discrimination of Severe Atherosclerosis Beyond Conventional Lipid Markers in High-Risk Statin-Naive Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
235 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Importance: The conventional model of atherosclerosis presumes that the mass of cholesterol within very low-density lipoprotein particles, low-density lipoprotein particles, chylomicron, and lipoprotein (a) particles in plasma is the principal determinant of the mass of cholesterol that will be deposited within the arterial wall and will drive atherogenesis. However, each of these particles contains one molecule of apolipoprotein B (apoB) and there is now substantial evidence that apoB more accurately measures the atherogenic risk owing to the apoB lipoproteins than does low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Observations: Cholesterol can only enter the arterial wall within apoB particles. However, the mass of cholesterol per apoB particle is variable. Therefore, the mass of cholesterol that will be deposited within the arterial wall is determined by the number of apoB particles that are trapped within the arterial wall. The number of apoB particles that enter the arterial wall is determined primarily by the number of apoB particles within the arterial lumen. However, once within the arterial wall, smaller cholesterol-depleted apoB particles have a greater tendency to be trapped than larger cholesterol-enriched apoB particles because they bind more avidly to the glycosaminoglycans within the subintimal space of the arterial wall. Thus, a cholesterol-enriched particle would deposit more cholesterol than a cholesterol-depleted apoB particle whereas more, smaller apoB particles that enter the arterial wall will be trapped than larger apoB particles. The net result is, with the exceptions of the abnormal chylomicron remnants in type III hyperlipoproteinemia and lipoprotein (a), all apoB particles are equally atherogenic. Conclusions and Relevance: Apolipoprotein B unifies, amplifies, and simplifies the information from the conventional lipid markers as to the atherogenic risk attributable to the apoB lipoproteins.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.