ArticleJournal of neurophysiology2019
StartReact effects are dependent on engagement of startle reflex circuits: support for a subcortically mediated initiation pathway.
Article in Journal of neurophysiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determining the cortical, corticospinal, and reticulospinal responses to metronome-paced and self-paced strength training.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- What Is the StartReact Effect?Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Investigating acoustic startle priming-induced cortical network reorganization in post-stroke dysarthria: a fNIRS study.Biomedical optics express · 2026Article
- Breathing-driven modulation of reticulospinal tract activity.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Mapping reticulospinal drive across various muscles of the upper and lower extremities.Experimental physiology · 2025Article
- Association of a kinematic measure of upper limb reaching and StartReact in chronic hemiparetic stroke.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Enhanced Muscle Activation Using Robotic Assistance Within the Electromechanical Delay: Implications for Rehabilitation?IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2024Article
- Effect of Ketamine and Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvant to Total Intravenous Anesthesia on Intraoperative Cranial Nerve Monitoring in the Patients Undergoing Posterior Fossa Craniotomies-A Randomized Quadruple Blind Placebo-Controlled Study.Asian journal of neurosurgery · 2023Article
- Article
- Startle-triggered responses indicate reticulospinal drive is larger for voluntary shoulder versus finger movements.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The relation of neuroticism to physiological and behavioral stress responses induced by auditory startle.Brain and behavior · 2022Article
- Evidence for Subcortical Plasticity after Paired Stimulation from a Wearable Device.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
- Temporal binding and agency under startle.Experimental brain research · 2021Article
- "Tricking the Brain" Using Immersive Virtual Reality: Modifying the Self-Perception Over Embodied Avatar Influences Motor Cortical Excitability and Action Initiation.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
- Neck rotation modulates motor-evoked potential duration of proximal muscle cortical representations in healthy adults.Experimental brain research · 2020Article
- Mapping the Cortical Representation of Paraspinal Muscles Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Optimized in People With Chronic Back Pain.Basic and clinical neuroscienceArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The "StartReact" effect refers to the rapid involuntary triggering of a prepared movement in response to a loud startling acoustic stimulus (SAS). This effect is typically confirmed by the presence of short-latency electromyographic activity in startle reflex-related muscles such as the sternocleidomastoid (SCM); however, there is debate regarding the specific neural pathways involved in the StartReact effect. Some research has implicated a subcortically mediated pathway, which would predict different response latencies depending on the presence of a startle reflex. Alternatively, other research has suggested that this effect involves the same pathways responsible for voluntary response initiation and simply reflects higher preparatory activation levels, and thus faster voluntary initiation. To distinguish between these competing hypotheses, the present study assessed preparation level during a simple reaction time (RT) task involving wrist extension in response to a control tone or a SAS. Premotor RT and startle circuitry engagement (as measured by SCM activation) were determined for each trial. Additionally, preparation level at the go signal on each trial was measured using motor-evoked potentials (MEP) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Results showed that SAS trial RTs were significantly shorter (
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.