SynthesisJournal of abnormal child psychology2020
Prospective Association between Childhood Behavioral Inhibition and Anxiety: a Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of abnormal child psychology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Parenting as a Moderator of the Relation Between Child Inhibited Temperament and Anxiety in Western Contexts: A Systematic Review.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2024Pooled it
- Relationships between Child Development at School Entry and Adolescent Health-A Participatory Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Parent-led CBT delivered via online and telephone support alongside usual school practice versus usual school practice only for young children identified as at risk for anxiety disorders through screening in schools: a cluster randomised controlled trial.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Trial
- Behavioral Inhibition and Social Anxiety Disorder as Predictors of Long-Term Outcomes of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Youth Anxiety Disorders.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2024Trial
- Acceptability and Outcomes of the Cool Little Kids Parenting Group Program for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Families Within an Australian Population-Based Study.Child psychiatry and human development · 2023Trial
- A Neurodevelopmental Model of Social Threat Sensitivity as a Mechanism Linking Fearful Temperament, Social Anxiety, and Depression in Youth.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- From Infant Temperament to Anxiety: Infant Neural Responsivity to Unexpected Stimuli Shapes Outcomes.Biological psychiatry · 2026Article
- Early prevention of anxiety disorders in young children: The implementation of a live, online, targeted group-based parenting program.Internet interventions · 2026Article
- Temperament as a Risk Factor for Clinical Diagnosis During the Transition From Childhood Through Adolescence and Young Adulthood: A 16-Year Multimethod Longitudinal Study.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Changes in Infant Attention-Related Brain Networks and Fearful Temperament.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Structural Brain Correlates of Childhood Inhibited Temperament: An ENIGMA-Anxiety Mega-Analysis.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Not all babies are the same: an examination of temperament profiles during infancy.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Age-Related Differences and Effects of Internalizing Symptoms on Aperiodic Neural Activity in Adolescents.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- Early-life neural correlates of behavioral inhibition and anxiety risk.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Integrating Multimodal Neuroimaging of Error Monitoring to Estimate Future Anxiety in Adolescents.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Temperament development in infancy: What we have learned about the origins of individual differences in the past 25 years.Infant behavior & development · 2025Review
- Pathways to adolescent social anxiety: Testing interactions between neural social reward function and perceived social threat in daily life.Development and psychopathology · 2025Article
- Early childhood behavioral inhibition predicts altered social and emotional functioning in early adulthood: An ecological momentary assessment study.Emotion (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- The Mediation Role of Emotion Regulation in the Relationship Between Anxiety and Depression in University Students with Specific Learning Disorder.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Four distinct peer interaction variables as moderators of the fearful temperament-anxiety association, using data from the Generation R Study.JCPP advances · 2025Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Behavioral inhibition (BI) is a risk factor for anxiety. However, the estimates of the strength of this association vary widely. In addition, while BI is a strong predictor of social anxiety disorder (SAD), its association with other anxiety disorders is unclear. The current study sought to establish the relationship between BI and anxiety and to quantify this association for a range of anxiety disorders. We searched PsycInfo, PubMed and Embase for articles published before May 18th, 2019 using search terms for BI, anxiety and prospective study design. We selected articles which assessed the prospective relationship between BI in childhood and anxiety. Using random-effects meta-analysis with robust variance estimation, which allowed for the inclusion of multiple follow-ups of the same sample, we established the association between BI and any anxiety. We also explored the association between BI and individual anxiety disorders. Data from 27 studies consisting of 35 follow-ups of 20 unique samples indicated that BI prospectively increases the odds of anxiety (OR = 2.80, 95% CI 2.03 to 3.86, p < 0.001). There was also a positive association between BI and all individual anxiety disorders, with effect sizes ranging from small in the case of specific phobia (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.14, p = 0.03) to large in the case of SAD (OR = 5.84, 95% CI 3.38 to 10.09, p < 0.001). BI in early childhood is a strong risk factor for anxiety. Targeting BI may help reduce the number of children who will develop anxiety disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.