Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31641275›Full record

ArticleJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology2020

Early life exposure to phthalates in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) study: a multi-city birth cohort.

Garthika Navaranjan, Tim K Takaro, Amanda J Wheeler, Miriam L Diamond, Huan Shu, Meghan B Azad, Allan B Becker, Ruixue Dai, Shelley A Harris, Diana L Lefebvre and 9 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Foetal Exposure to Phthalates and Endocrine Effects on the Leydig Cell.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2025
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Widespread occurrence of pesticides in low-income housing.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. High exposure to phthalates is associated with HbA1Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2022
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors at 11 institutions in 3 countries.

Garthika NavaranjanUniversity of Toronto, 223 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R4, Canada.
Tim K TakaroSimon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
Amanda J WheelerMary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Miriam L DiamondUniversity of Toronto, 223 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R4, Canada.
Huan ShuStockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Meghan B AzadUniversity of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Allan B BeckerUniversity of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Ruixue DaiHospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Shelley A HarrisUniversity of Toronto, 223 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R4, Canada.
Diana L LefebvreMcMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Zihang LuHospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Piush J MandhaneUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Kathleen McLeanBC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Theo J MoraesUniversity of Toronto, 223 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R4, Canada.
James A ScottUniversity of Toronto, 223 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R4, Canada.
Stuart E TurveyUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Malcolm R SearsMcMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Padmaja SubbaraoUniversity of Toronto, 223 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R4, Canada.
Jeffrey R BrookUniversity of Toronto, 223 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R4, Canada. jeff.brook@utoronto.ca.
University of Toronto · CAHospital for Sick Children · CAMcMaster University · CAUniversity of Manitoba · CABC Centre for Disease Control · CACancer Care Ontario · CAKarlstad University · SESimon Fraser University · CAUniversity of Alberta · CAUniversity of British Columbia · CAUniversity of Tasmania · AU

Funding

CIHR
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFew studies have examined phthalate exposure during infancy and early life, critical windows of development. The Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) study, a population-based birth cohort, ascertained multiple exposures during early life.

objectiveTo characterize exposure to phthalates during infancy and early childhood.

methodsEnvironmental questionnaires were administered, and urine samples collected at 3, 12, and 36 months. In the first 1578 children, urine was analyzed for eight phthalate metabolites: mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), and mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (MCPP). Geometric mean (GM) concentrations were calculated by age, together with factors that may influence concentrations. Trends with age were examined using mixed models and differences within factors examined using ANOVA.

resultsThe highest urinary concentration was for the metabolite MBP at all ages (GM: 15-32 ng/mL). Concentrations of all phthalate metabolites significantly increased with age ranging from GM: 0.5-15.1 ng/mL at 3 months and 1.9-32.1 ng/mL at 36 months. Concentrations of all metabolites were higher in the lowest income categories except for MEHP at 3 months, among children with any breastfeeding at 12 months, and in urine collected on dates with warmer outdoor temperatures (>17 °C), except for MBzP at 3 months and MEHP at 3 and 12 months. No consistent differences were found by gender, study site, or maternal age.

conclusionsHigher phthalate metabolite concentrations were observed among children in lower income families. Examination of factors associated with income could inform interventions aimed to reduce infant phthalate exposure.

Indexed as

CanadaChildChild DevelopmentChild, PreschoolDibutyl PhthalateEnvironmental ExposureEnvironmental PollutantsFemaleHealth StatusHumansInfantMalePhthalic AcidsDibutyl PhthalateEnvironmental Pollutantsmono-benzyl phthalatemonomethyl phthalatephthalic acidPhthalic AcidsBiological monitoringChildrenExposure assessmentPhthalatesSocioeconomic statusUrine

Identifiers

PMID31641275
OpenAlexW2981452356

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.