ArticleScientific reports2019
LTA1 is a safe, intranasal enterotoxin-based adjuvant that improves vaccine protection against influenza in young, old and B-cell-depleted (μMT) mice.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protective antibodies against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli are generated from heat-labile toxoid vaccination and exhibit subject- and vaccine-specific diversity.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2025Trial
- VO: The Vaccine Ontology.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Immunity to hemagglutinin and neuraminidase results in additive reductions in airborne transmission of influenza H1N1 virus in ferrets.Science advances · 2026Article
- Adjuvant Strategies to Improve the Efficacy of Allergen Immunotherapy.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- MVA-Spike encoding the A subunit of dmLT safely enhances systemic and mucosal immune responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Glycolysis maintains effector function of lung Th17 TRM cells in precision cut lung slices.iScience · 2025Article
- VO: The Vaccine Ontology.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The fusion subunit vaccine L-DBF protects aged mice against heterologous lethalFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immunity to fungi and vaccine considerations.Cell host & microbe · 2024Review
- Review
- Vaccine-elicited IL-1R signaling results in Th17 TRM-mediated immunity.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Intranasal SARS-CoV-2 RBD decorated nanoparticle vaccine enhances viral clearance in the Syrian hamster model.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Embigin Is Highly Expressed on CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells but Is Dispensable for Several T Cell Effector Responses.ImmunoHorizons · 2024Article
- Recent advances in enterotoxin vaccine adjuvants.Current opinion in immunology · 2023Review
- Suitability of Polymyxin B as a Mucosal Adjuvant for Intranasal Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccines.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Systems serology in cystic fibrosis: Anti-Pseudomonas IgG1 responses and reduced lung function.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Article
- Non-Invasive Vaccines: Challenges in Formulation and Vaccine Adjuvants.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Article
- Anti-Cocaine IgA Rather Than IgG Mediates Vaccine Protection from Cocaine Use.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Development of Nasal Vaccines and the Associated Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Enterotoxin-based adjuvants including cholera toxin and heat-labile toxin (LT) are powerful manipulators of mucosal immunity; however, past clinical trials identified unacceptable neurological toxicity when LT or mutant AB
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.