ArticleBMC veterinary research2019
Paving the way for more precise diagnosis of EcPV2-associated equine penile lesions.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Equine genital and ocular squamous cell carcinomas: clinical, histopathological, molecular and viral characterization with proposed histopathological classification system.The veterinary quarterly · 2026Article
- Coinfection with Different Feline Papillomaviruses in a Cat with Multicentric Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Histopathological and Virological Findings of a Penile Papilloma in a Japanese Stallion with Equus Caballus Papillomavirus 2 (EcPV2).Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2)-associated benign penile lesions and squamous cell carcinomas.Veterinary medicine and science · 2024Article
- Papillomaviral skin diseases of humans, dogs, cats and horses: A comparative review. Part 1: Papillomavirus biology and hyperplastic lesions.Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997) · 2022Review
- Papillomaviral skin diseases of humans, dogs, cats and horses: A comparative review. Part 2: Pre-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases.Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997) · 2022Review
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- Establishment of a Three-Dimensional In Vitro Model of Equine Papillomavirus Type 2 Infection.Viruses · 2021Article
- PD-L1/PD-1 and CTLA-4 Expression in Equine Penile Squamous Cell Carcinomas.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
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- Multiple microarray analyses identify key genes associated with the development of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Journal of Cancer · 2021Article
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- Cutaneous vs. Mucosal Tropism: The Papillomavirus Paradigm Comes to an "Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is growing evidence that equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) infection is causally associated with the development of equine genital squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Early stages of disease present clinically as plaques or wart-like lesions which can gradually progress to tumoural lesions. Histologically these lesions are inconsistently described as benign hyperplasia, papilloma, penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), carcinoma in situ (CIS) or SCC. Guidelines for histological classification of early SCC precursor lesions are not precisely defined, leading to potential misdiagnosis. The aim of this study was to identify histologic criteria and diagnostic markers allowing for a more accurate diagnosis of EcPV2-associated equine penile lesions.
resultsA total of 61 archived equine penile lesions were histologically re-assessed and classified as benign hyperplasia, papilloma, CIS or SCC. From these, 19 representative lesions and adjacent normal skin were comparatively analysed for the presence of EcPV2 DNA and transcripts using PCR and RNA in situ hybridisation (RISH). All lesional samples were positive by EcPV2 PCR and RISH, while adjacent normal skin was negative. RISH analysis yielded signal distribution patterns that allowed distinction of early (hyperplasia, papilloma) from late stage lesions (CIS, SCC). Subsequently, the 19 lesions were further assessed for expression of p53, Ki67, MCM7 and MMP1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). All four proteins were expressed in both normal and lesional tissue. However, p53 expression was up-regulated in basal keratinocyte layers of papillomas, CIS and SCCs, as well as in upper keratinocyte layers of CIS and SCCs. MCM7 expression was only up-regulated in upper proliferating keratinocyte layers of papillomas, CIS and SCCs.
conclusionThis study proposes combining a refined histological protocol for analysis of equine penile lesions with PCR- and/or RISH based EcPV2-screening and p53/MCM7 IHC to more accurately determine the type of lesion. This may help to guide the choice of optimum treatment strategy, especially at early stages of disease.
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