ArticleBMC public health2019
Do various personal hygiene habits protect us against influenza-like illness?
Article in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Global patterns and trends in deaths of influenza-associated lower respiratory infections from 1990 to 2019.Epidemiology and infection · 2025Article
- Food safety practices of individuals before and after the emergence of COVID-19: A pre- and post-comparative analysis.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Response of Saudi Population to Strict Preventive Measures against COVID-19.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Conjunctival carriage of SARS-CoV-2 using serial sampling: risk factors and protective factors.Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie · 2021Article
- Impact of Personal Protection Habits on the Spread of Pandemics: Insights from an Agent-Based Model.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2021Article
- [Addendum to S3-Guidelines Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: Management of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the COVID-19 Pandemic - open questions and answers].Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie · 2020Article
- Hand Hygiene Practices and the Risk of Human Coronavirus Infections in a UK Community Cohort.Wellcome open research · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSeveral studies have reported an association between improvements in hand hygiene and the reductions in rates of intestinal parasitic diseases. However, only a some have addressed its link to the frequency of influenza-like illness. The current study aimed to find the correlation between personal hygiene habits and the frequency of influenza-like illness.
methodsA cross-sectional study targeting 3000 participants conducted in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. A systematic random sampling methodology was applied for participant from different part of Riyadh city using a computer generating system. The researcher first started by calling each participant. A full explanation was given to each participant in details (from the purpose of the research, consent to answer the questionnaire, to the explanation of the outcome definition). Each point of the questionnaire was explained to them to make sure they had excellent comprehension, and therefore, respond accurately. Descriptive statistics and Odds Ratio and its 95% confidence intervals were used to determine the association between frequency of influenza-like illness and the studied variables.
resultsTwo thousand eighty-two (69.4%) completed the questionnaire. The participants who spent 5-10 s in handwashing with soap and rubbing were at increased risk of more frequent influenza-like illness (odds ratio = 1.37, 1.08-1.75). Handwashing with soap and rubbing after handshaking is an independent protective habit against frequent influenza-like illness (adjusted OR = 0.59, 0.37-0.94).
conclusionThe decrease of the frequency of influenza-like illness could be done through the following: getting the influenza vaccine annually, washing hands with soap and hand rubbing not less than 15 s after getting out of the bathroom, before and after handshaking and before eating. Soap companies should invent soaps that take less rubbing time to kill bacteria, and subsequently may maximize compliance in the community.
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