ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2019
SOX2 Expression Is an Independent Predictor of Oral Cancer Progression.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cancer Hallmarks Expression in Oral Leukoplakia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Oral diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Heterogeneous mechanisms, risk stratification, and translational advances in the malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders to oral squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal prognostic stratification for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- A head-to-head comparison of four grading systems for oral epithelial dysplasia.Histopathology · 2025Article
- Prognostic Value of SOX2 and NANOG Expression in Recurrent Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Cancers · 2025Article
- Expression analysis of SOX2 and SOX9 in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.Head & neck · 2025Article
- Updates on Larynx Cancer: Risk Factors and Oncogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- IL-1β transgenic mouse model of inflammation driven esophageal and oral squamous cell carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Advancing Cancer Research: Current Knowledge on Cutaneous Neoplasia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Malignant Transformation and Long-Term Outcome of Oral and Laryngeal Leukoplakia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Biomarkers of malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia: from bench to bedside.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2023Review
- NCBP2 and TFRC are novel prognostic biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Cancer gene therapy · 2023Article
- Can Immunoexpression of Cancer Stem Cell Markers Prognosticate Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Clinicopathological Significance of Cancer Stem Cell Markers (OCT-3/4 and SOX-2) in Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- A meta-analysis reveals the protein profile associated with malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia.Frontiers in oral health · 2023Review
- SOX2 promotes a cancer stem cell-like phenotype and local spreading in oral squamous cell carcinoma.PloS one · 2023Article
- Review
- High CD44 Immunoexpression Correlates with Poor Overall Survival: Assessing the Role of Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients from the High-Risk Population of Pakistan.International journal of surgical oncology · 2022Article
- A Retrospective Cohort Study of Oral Leukoplakia in Female Patients-Analysis of Risk Factors Related to Treatment Outcomes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Prognostic Relevance of CD4Biomedicines · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Potentially malignant oral lesions, mainly leukoplakia, are common. Malignant transformation varies widely, even in the absence of histological features such as dysplasia. Hence, there is a need for novel biomarker-based systems to more accurately predict the risk of cancer progression. The pluripotency transcription factor SOX2 is frequently overexpressed in cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), thereby providing a link between malignancy and stemness. This study investigates the clinical relevance of SOX2 protein expression in early stages of oral carcinogenesis as a cancer risk biomarker, and also its impact on prognosis and disease outcome at late stages of OSCC progression. SOX2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 55 patients with oral epithelial dysplasia, and in 125 patients with OSCC, and correlated with clinicopathological data and outcomes. Nuclear SOX2 expression was detected in four (7%) cases of oral epithelial dysplasia, using a cut-off of 10% stained nuclei, and in 16 (29%) cases when any positive nuclei was evaluated. Univariate analysis showed that SOX2 expression and histopathological grading were significantly associated with oral cancer risk; and both were found to be significant independent predictors in the multivariate analysis. Nuclear SOX2 expression was also found in 49 (39%) OSCC cases, was more frequent in early tumor stages and N0 cases, and was associated with a better survival. In conclusion, SOX2 expression emerges as an independent predictor of oral cancer risk in patients with oral leukoplakia. These findings underscore the relevant role of SOX2 in early oral tumorigenesis rather than in tumor progression.
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Registered trials
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