ArticleMolecular medicine reports2019
Baicalin inhibits influenza virus A replication via activation of type I IFN signaling by reducing miR‑146a.
Article in Molecular medicine reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dual regulation of antiviral IFN response byJournal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Article
- Baicalin: bridging traditional medicine and modern science in food and functional applications.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Harnessing nanozyme-immunomodulation for antiviral defense via Fe-nordihydroguaiaretic acid nano-networks.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Traditional Chinese Medicine for Viral Pneumonia Therapy: Pharmacological Basis and Mechanistic Insights.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Exploring Bioactive Phytomedicines for Advancing Pulmonary Infection Management: Insights and Future Prospects.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2024Review
- The Extract ofViruses · 2023Article
- Plant-Derived Antioxidants for Management of COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review of Molecular Mechanisms.Tanaffos · 2023Review
- Pharmacological effects of baicalin in lung diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- The battle for autophagy between host and influenza A virus.Virulence · 2022Review
- Pharmacological Potential of Flavonoids against Neurotropic Viruses.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Qin-Qiao-Xiao-Du formula alleviate influenza virus infectious pneumonia through regulation gut microbiota and metabolomics.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Baicalin Induces a Potent Innate Immune Response to Inhibit Respiratory Syncytial Virus ReplicationFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Modulation of Macrophage Polarization by Viruses: Turning Off/On Host Antiviral Responses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Chinese herbal injections for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A narrative review.Integrative medicine research · 2021Review
- Baicalin and Geniposide Inhibit Polarization and Inflammatory Injury of OGD/R-Treated Microglia by Suppressing the 5-LOX/LTB4 Pathway.Neurochemical research · 2021Article
- Downregulation of microRNA‑221 facilitates H1N1 influenza A virus replication through suppression of type‑IFN response by targeting the SOCS1/NF‑κB pathway.Molecular medicine reports · 2021Article
- Flavonoids as Promising Antiviral Agents against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Mechanistic Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Systems pharmacological study illustrates the immune regulation, anti-infection, anti-inflammation, and multi-organ protection mechanism of Qing-Fei-Pai-Du decoction in the treatment of COVID-19.Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · 2021Article
- Progress in Traditional Chinese Medicine Against Respiratory Viruses: A Review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Antiviral Properties of Baicalin: a Concise Review.Revista brasileira de farmacognosia : orgao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2025-11-10Author Unresponsive · Concerns/Issues about Data · Concerns/Issues about Image · Euphemisms for Plagiarism · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Investigation by Third Party · Plagiarism of Data · Plagiarism of Image · · See also: https://pubpeer.com/publications/79EB595B1783105FC4F8D6AD2031FF
- Retracted
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Influenza virus A (IVA) is one of the predominant causative agents of the seasonal flu and has become an important cause of morbidity worldwide. Great efforts have been paid to develop vaccines against IVA. However, due to antigenic drift in influenza virus A and rapid emergence of drug‑resistant strains, current available vaccines or anti‑IVA chemotherapeutics are consistently inefficient. Hence, various more broadly effective drugs have become important for the prevention and treatment of IVA. Of these drugs, baicalin, a flavonoid isolated from Radix Scutellaria, is a promising example. However, little is known in regards to its pharmacological mechanism. Here, it was demonstrated that baicalin inhibits the H1N1 and H3N2 viruses in A549 cells. Subsequently, it was found that miR‑146a was markedly downregulated by treatment of baicalin. Additionally, further experiments revealed that miR‑146a was able to promote the replication of H1N1 and H3N2 by targeting TNF receptor‑associated factor 6 (TRAF6), a pivotal adaptor in the interferon (IFN) production signaling pathway, to downregulate type I IFN production, and enrichment of miR‑146a eliminated the anti‑IVA effects of baicalin on the H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. Additionally, in vivo experiments demonstrated that baicalin could protect mice during H1N1 infection. Taken together, our findings firstly illustrated the anti‑IVA molecular mechanism of baicalin and provide new evidence for targeting miRNAs to prevent and treat viral infection, such as the H1N1 and H3N2 viruses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.