ArticleEndocrine2020
Thyroid nodule prevalence among women in areas of high natural background radiation, Karunagappally, Kerala, India.
Article in Endocrine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between high natural background radiation and cataract subtypes in female residents of Karunagappally, Kerala, India.Journal of radiation research · 2026Article
- What can we learn from high background radiation area (HBRA) studies in three Asian countries: India, China and Indonesia? Radiological aspects in various HBRAs.Journal of radiation research · 2024Review
- High Malignancy Risk and Its Predictors in South Indian Patients With Bethesda II Thyroid Nodules.Cureus · 2024Article
- Understanding the harm of low-dose computed tomography radiation to the body (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Review
- Recommendations for reducing exposure to medical X-ray irradiation (Review).Medicine internationalReview
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeRadiation exposure has been reported to cause thyroid nodules. The study area was Karunagapally, which has several areas with high natural radiation levels derived from thorium and its decay products. Since thyroid abnormalities are more common in women, the focus was only on women.
methodsThe examinations included interview, ultrasonography of the thyroid and serum assays of free thyroxine (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH), and anti-thyroglobulin levels. Cumulative dose during the childhood and lifetime cumulative dose (lagged by 5 years) were estimated.
resultsWe examined 524 female residents aged 17-73 years and found 75 cases of solitary solid thyroid nodules. The prevalence of thyroid nodules were 14.1 % (n = 42) in high dose panchayats and 14.5% (n = 33) in low-dose panchayats. In the logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, the prevalence of solitary thyroid nodule was not linearly related to childhood cumulative dose (P for trend = 0.159) and lifetime cumulative dose (P for trend = 0.333). The prevalence of thyroiditis and hypothyroidism was not related to natural radiation exposure. Serum levels of FT4 or TSH were not related to natural radiation exposure.
conclusionsThe results obtained from the present study do not support the increase of solitary thyroid nodule, thyroiditis or hypothyroidism in relation to high-natural-background-radiation exposure.
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