ArticleEvolution letters2019
Protective microbiomes can limit the evolution of host pathogen defense.
Article in Evolution letters, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Host immunogenetic variation and gut microbiome functionality in a wild vertebrate population.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Beneficial microorganisms: Regulating growth and defense for plant welfare.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Review
- Evidence for microbially-mediated tradeoffs between growth and defense throughout coral evolution.Animal microbiome · 2025Article
- Rapid growth and the evolution of complete metamorphosis in insects.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Defensive behavior is linked to altered surface chemistry following infection in a termite society.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The genetic basis of variation in immune defense against Lysinibacillus fusiformis infection in Drosophila melanogaster.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Hosts, microbiomes, and the evolution of critical windows.Evolution letters · 2022Article
- Immune-mediated competition benefits protective microbes over pathogens in a novel host species.Heredity · 2022Article
- Microbial protection favors parasite tolerance and alters host-parasite coevolutionary dynamics.Current biology : CB · 2022Article
- The microbiome extends host evolutionary potential.Nature communications · 2021Review
- In Vivo Microbial Coevolution Favors Host Protection and Plastic Downregulation of Immunity.Molecular biology and evolution · 2021Article
- The study of host-microbiome (co)evolution across levels of selection.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2020Article
- Evolution of animal immunity in the light of beneficial symbioses.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The evolution of host immunity occurs in the context of the microbiome, but little theory exists to predict how resistance against pathogens might be influenced by the need to tolerate and regulate commensal microbiota. We present a general model to explore the optimal investment in host immunity under conditions in which the host can, versus cannot easily distinguish among commensal versus pathogenic bacteria, and when commensal microbiota can, versus cannot protect the host against the impacts of pathogen infection. We find that a loss of immune vigilance associated with innate immunity over evolutionary time can occur due to the challenge of discriminating between pathogenic and other microbe species. Further, we find the greater the protective effect of microbiome species, acting either directly or via competition with a pathogen, or the higher the costs of immunity, the more likely the loss of immune vigilance is. Conversely, this effect can be reversed when pathogens increase host mortality. Generally, the magnitude of costs of immunity required to allow evolution of decreased immune vigilance are predicted to be lowest when microbiome and pathogen species most resemble each other (in terms of host recognition), and when immune effects on the pathogen are weak. Our model framework makes explicit the core trade-offs likely to shape the evolution of immunity in the context of microbiome/pathogen discrimination. We discuss how this informs interpretation of patterns and process in natural systems, including vulnerability to pathogen emergence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.