ArticleMicrosystems & nanoengineering2019
A paper-based microfluidic platform with shape-memory-polymer-actuated fluid valves for automated multi-step immunoassays.
Article in Microsystems & nanoengineering, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficient fabrication of paper-based microfluidic biosensors incorporating laser-induced graphene for label-free electrochemical immunoassays.Mikrochimica acta · 2026Article
- Soft Micromanipulation Robot for Real-Time Adaptive Multimodal Operation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Broad Tuning of Paper Microfluidic Properties by Covalent Surface Modification for Precise Flow Control and Sensing.ACS applied bio materials · 2025Article
- Shape-memory microfluidic chips for fluid and droplet manipulation.Biomicrofluidics · 2024Article
- Design of an automated robotic microinjection system for batch injection of zebrafish embryos and larvae.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2024Article
- Study of Mechanical Response of Paper-Based Microfluidic System as a Potential Milk Tester.Micromachines · 2023Article
- Modeling of Paper-Based Bi-Material Cantilever Actuator for Microfluidic Biosensors.Biosensors · 2023Article
- Rapid detection of three mycotoxins in animal feed materials using competitive ELISA-based origami microfluidic paper analytical device (μPAD).Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2023Article
- Development of a New Lab-on-Paper Microfluidics Platform Using Bi-Material Cantilever Actuators for ELISA on Paper.Biosensors · 2023Article
- Merging microfluidics with luminescence immunoassays for urgent point-of-care diagnostics of COVID-19.Trends in analytical chemistry : TRAC · 2022Review
- Reversible Thermo-Responsive Valve for Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices.Micromachines · 2022Article
- A Microfluidic PET-Based Electrochemical Glucose Sensor.Micromachines · 2022Article
- Micro- and nanosensors for detecting blood pathogens and biomarkers at different points of sepsis care.Mikrochimica acta · 2022Review
- Sample-to-Answer Robotic ELISA.Analytical chemistry · 2021Article
- Paper-based ELISA diagnosis technology for human brucellosis based on a multiepitope fusion protein.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Enhancing the performance of paper-based electrochemical impedance spectroscopy nanobiosensors: An experimental approach.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2021Article
- Research progress on the applications of paper chips.RSC advances · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Smart fluid manipulation with automatically controlled paper valves will enable automated and multi-step immunoassays on paper-based microfluidic devices. In this work, we present an integrated paper-based microfluidic platform with shape-memory polymer (SMP)-actuated fluid valves capable of automated colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). A single-layer microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) was designed to store all the reagents on the chip, and sequentially transfer reagents to a paper test zone following a specific ELISA protocol through automatic fluidic flow control by the multiple SMP-actuated valves. The actuation of a paper valve was based on the thermally responsive, duel-state shape transformation of a SMP sheet attached to the root of a paper cantilever beam for driving a hydrophilic paper bridge to connect and disconnect two paper channels. A portable colorimetric reader was developed to control the on-chip valve operations, quantify the colorimetric signal output, display the assay result, and wirelessly transmit the data to a smart phone for the application of telemedicine. Reliable operations of the paper valve and the entire μPAD were demonstrated with success rates of 97% and 93%, respectively. A detection mechanism for valve malfunction was designed and confirmed effective to identify any mal-operation of individual valves, thus rendering our platform reliable in real assays. For device calibration, we conducted direct ELISAs of rabbit IgG in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and achieved a low limit of detection (LOD) of 27 pM (comparable to that of standard and paper-based ELISAs). In order to demonstrate the clinical application of our multi-step immunoassay platform, we also conducted sandwich ELISAs to quantify the protein level of an inflammatory cytokine, namely tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, in surgically injured laryngeal tissues of rats. The protein levels of TNF-α were shown similar between the conventional and μPAD ELISAs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.