ArticleDialogues in clinical neuroscience2019
Blood-based systems biology biomarkers for next-generation clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease .
Abstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A population-based meta-analysis of circulating GFAP for cognition and dementia risk.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Glucose-Lowering Therapies and Cognitive Decline: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence and Future Perspectives.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Water extract ofMolecular medicine reports · 2025Article
- Molecular Biomarkers in Neurological Diseases: Advances in Diagnosis and Prognosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Towards early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: advances in immune-related blood biomarkers and computational approaches.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Longitudinal Changes in Blood Biomarkers of Clinical Alzheimer Disease in a Biracial Population Sample.Neurology · 2023Article
- Plasma Proteome Profiling of Patients With In-stent Restenosis by Tandem Mass Tag-Based Quantitative Proteomics Approach.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Methylation factor MRPL15 identified as a potential biological target in Alzheimer's disease.Aging · 2021Article
- Article
- Calcium Dyshomeostasis in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease: What Is Missing in Research?Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2021Review
- Late-onset vs nonmendelian early-onset Alzheimer disease: A distinction without a difference?Neurology. Genetics · 2020Review
- Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and the Application of Precision Medicine.Journal of personalized medicine · 2020Article
- Epigenome-wide analyses identify DNA methylation signatures of dementia risk.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2020Article
- A Path Toward Precision Medicine for Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Harald HampelAuthor affiliations: AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France (Harald Hampel, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista); Ariana Pharma, Paris, France (Mohammad Afshar); NeuroVision Imaging, Inc., Sacramento, California, USA (Leyla Akman-Anderson, Steven R. Verdooner); Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (Joaquín Arenas, Alejandro Lucía); Biostatistics and Special Pharmacokinetics Unit/Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Norbert Benda); Roche Diagnostics International, Rotkreuz, Switzerland (Richard Batrla); Head and President, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Karl Broich); Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy (Filippo Caraci); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (A. Claudio Cuello); 2E Science, Robbio, Pavia, Italy (Enzo Emanuele); Neurology/Psychiatry/Ophthalmology Unit, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Marion Haberkamp); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Steven J. Kiddle); Universidad Europea de Madrid (Sports Science Department), Madrid, Spain (Alejandro Lucía); Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA (Mark Mapstone); Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (Janet Woodcock). Address for correspondence: Professor Harald Hampel, MD, PhD, Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France. (email: Harald.Hampel@med.uni-muenchen.de).
Andrea VergalloAuthor affiliations: AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France (Harald Hampel, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista); Ariana Pharma, Paris, France (Mohammad Afshar); NeuroVision Imaging, Inc., Sacramento, California, USA (Leyla Akman-Anderson, Steven R. Verdooner); Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (Joaquín Arenas, Alejandro Lucía); Biostatistics and Special Pharmacokinetics Unit/Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Norbert Benda); Roche Diagnostics International, Rotkreuz, Switzerland (Richard Batrla); Head and President, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Karl Broich); Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy (Filippo Caraci); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (A. Claudio Cuello); 2E Science, Robbio, Pavia, Italy (Enzo Emanuele); Neurology/Psychiatry/Ophthalmology Unit, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Marion Haberkamp); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Steven J. Kiddle); Universidad Europea de Madrid (Sports Science Department), Madrid, Spain (Alejandro Lucía); Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA (Mark Mapstone); Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (Janet Woodcock). Address for correspondence: Professor Harald Hampel, MD, PhD, Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France. (email: Harald.Hampel@med.uni-muenchen.de).
Mohammad AfsharAuthor affiliations: AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France (Harald Hampel, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista); Ariana Pharma, Paris, France (Mohammad Afshar); NeuroVision Imaging, Inc., Sacramento, California, USA (Leyla Akman-Anderson, Steven R. Verdooner); Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (Joaquín Arenas, Alejandro Lucía); Biostatistics and Special Pharmacokinetics Unit/Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Norbert Benda); Roche Diagnostics International, Rotkreuz, Switzerland (Richard Batrla); Head and President, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Karl Broich); Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy (Filippo Caraci); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (A. Claudio Cuello); 2E Science, Robbio, Pavia, Italy (Enzo Emanuele); Neurology/Psychiatry/Ophthalmology Unit, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Marion Haberkamp); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Steven J. Kiddle); Universidad Europea de Madrid (Sports Science Department), Madrid, Spain (Alejandro Lucía); Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA (Mark Mapstone); Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (Janet Woodcock). Address for correspondence: Professor Harald Hampel, MD, PhD, Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France. (email: Harald.Hampel@med.uni-muenchen.de).
Leyla Akman-AndersonAuthor affiliations: AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France (Harald Hampel, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista); Ariana Pharma, Paris, France (Mohammad Afshar); NeuroVision Imaging, Inc., Sacramento, California, USA (Leyla Akman-Anderson, Steven R. Verdooner); Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (Joaquín Arenas, Alejandro Lucía); Biostatistics and Special Pharmacokinetics Unit/Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Norbert Benda); Roche Diagnostics International, Rotkreuz, Switzerland (Richard Batrla); Head and President, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Karl Broich); Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy (Filippo Caraci); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (A. Claudio Cuello); 2E Science, Robbio, Pavia, Italy (Enzo Emanuele); Neurology/Psychiatry/Ophthalmology Unit, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Marion Haberkamp); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Steven J. Kiddle); Universidad Europea de Madrid (Sports Science Department), Madrid, Spain (Alejandro Lucía); Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA (Mark Mapstone); Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (Janet Woodcock). Address for correspondence: Professor Harald Hampel, MD, PhD, Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France. (email: Harald.Hampel@med.uni-muenchen.de).
Joaquín ArenasAuthor affiliations: AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France (Harald Hampel, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista); Ariana Pharma, Paris, France (Mohammad Afshar); NeuroVision Imaging, Inc., Sacramento, California, USA (Leyla Akman-Anderson, Steven R. Verdooner); Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (Joaquín Arenas, Alejandro Lucía); Biostatistics and Special Pharmacokinetics Unit/Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Norbert Benda); Roche Diagnostics International, Rotkreuz, Switzerland (Richard Batrla); Head and President, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Karl Broich); Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy (Filippo Caraci); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (A. Claudio Cuello); 2E Science, Robbio, Pavia, Italy (Enzo Emanuele); Neurology/Psychiatry/Ophthalmology Unit, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Marion Haberkamp); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Steven J. Kiddle); Universidad Europea de Madrid (Sports Science Department), Madrid, Spain (Alejandro Lucía); Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA (Mark Mapstone); Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (Janet Woodcock). Address for correspondence: Professor Harald Hampel, MD, PhD, Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France. (email: Harald.Hampel@med.uni-muenchen.de).
Norbert BendaAuthor affiliations: AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France (Harald Hampel, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista); Ariana Pharma, Paris, France (Mohammad Afshar); NeuroVision Imaging, Inc., Sacramento, California, USA (Leyla Akman-Anderson, Steven R. Verdooner); Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (Joaquín Arenas, Alejandro Lucía); Biostatistics and Special Pharmacokinetics Unit/Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Norbert Benda); Roche Diagnostics International, Rotkreuz, Switzerland (Richard Batrla); Head and President, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Karl Broich); Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy (Filippo Caraci); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (A. Claudio Cuello); 2E Science, Robbio, Pavia, Italy (Enzo Emanuele); Neurology/Psychiatry/Ophthalmology Unit, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Marion Haberkamp); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Steven J. Kiddle); Universidad Europea de Madrid (Sports Science Department), Madrid, Spain (Alejandro Lucía); Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA (Mark Mapstone); Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (Janet Woodcock). Address for correspondence: Professor Harald Hampel, MD, PhD, Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France. (email: Harald.Hampel@med.uni-muenchen.de).
Richard BatrlaAuthor affiliations: AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France (Harald Hampel, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista); Ariana Pharma, Paris, France (Mohammad Afshar); NeuroVision Imaging, Inc., Sacramento, California, USA (Leyla Akman-Anderson, Steven R. Verdooner); Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (Joaquín Arenas, Alejandro Lucía); Biostatistics and Special Pharmacokinetics Unit/Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Norbert Benda); Roche Diagnostics International, Rotkreuz, Switzerland (Richard Batrla); Head and President, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Karl Broich); Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy (Filippo Caraci); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (A. Claudio Cuello); 2E Science, Robbio, Pavia, Italy (Enzo Emanuele); Neurology/Psychiatry/Ophthalmology Unit, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Marion Haberkamp); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Steven J. Kiddle); Universidad Europea de Madrid (Sports Science Department), Madrid, Spain (Alejandro Lucía); Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA (Mark Mapstone); Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (Janet Woodcock). Address for correspondence: Professor Harald Hampel, MD, PhD, Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France. (email: Harald.Hampel@med.uni-muenchen.de).
Karl BroichAuthor affiliations: AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France (Harald Hampel, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista); Ariana Pharma, Paris, France (Mohammad Afshar); NeuroVision Imaging, Inc., Sacramento, California, USA (Leyla Akman-Anderson, Steven R. Verdooner); Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (Joaquín Arenas, Alejandro Lucía); Biostatistics and Special Pharmacokinetics Unit/Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Norbert Benda); Roche Diagnostics International, Rotkreuz, Switzerland (Richard Batrla); Head and President, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Karl Broich); Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy (Filippo Caraci); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (A. Claudio Cuello); 2E Science, Robbio, Pavia, Italy (Enzo Emanuele); Neurology/Psychiatry/Ophthalmology Unit, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Marion Haberkamp); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Steven J. Kiddle); Universidad Europea de Madrid (Sports Science Department), Madrid, Spain (Alejandro Lucía); Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA (Mark Mapstone); Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (Janet Woodcock). Address for correspondence: Professor Harald Hampel, MD, PhD, Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France. (email: Harald.Hampel@med.uni-muenchen.de).
Filippo CaraciAuthor affiliations: AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France (Harald Hampel, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista); Ariana Pharma, Paris, France (Mohammad Afshar); NeuroVision Imaging, Inc., Sacramento, California, USA (Leyla Akman-Anderson, Steven R. Verdooner); Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (Joaquín Arenas, Alejandro Lucía); Biostatistics and Special Pharmacokinetics Unit/Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Norbert Benda); Roche Diagnostics International, Rotkreuz, Switzerland (Richard Batrla); Head and President, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Karl Broich); Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy (Filippo Caraci); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (A. Claudio Cuello); 2E Science, Robbio, Pavia, Italy (Enzo Emanuele); Neurology/Psychiatry/Ophthalmology Unit, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Marion Haberkamp); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Steven J. Kiddle); Universidad Europea de Madrid (Sports Science Department), Madrid, Spain (Alejandro Lucía); Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA (Mark Mapstone); Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (Janet Woodcock). Address for correspondence: Professor Harald Hampel, MD, PhD, Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France. (email: Harald.Hampel@med.uni-muenchen.de).
A Claudio CuelloAuthor affiliations: AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France (Harald Hampel, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista); Ariana Pharma, Paris, France (Mohammad Afshar); NeuroVision Imaging, Inc., Sacramento, California, USA (Leyla Akman-Anderson, Steven R. Verdooner); Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (Joaquín Arenas, Alejandro Lucía); Biostatistics and Special Pharmacokinetics Unit/Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Norbert Benda); Roche Diagnostics International, Rotkreuz, Switzerland (Richard Batrla); Head and President, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Karl Broich); Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy (Filippo Caraci); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (A. Claudio Cuello); 2E Science, Robbio, Pavia, Italy (Enzo Emanuele); Neurology/Psychiatry/Ophthalmology Unit, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Marion Haberkamp); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Steven J. Kiddle); Universidad Europea de Madrid (Sports Science Department), Madrid, Spain (Alejandro Lucía); Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA (Mark Mapstone); Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (Janet Woodcock). Address for correspondence: Professor Harald Hampel, MD, PhD, Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France. (email: Harald.Hampel@med.uni-muenchen.de).
Enzo EmanueleAuthor affiliations: AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France (Harald Hampel, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista); Ariana Pharma, Paris, France (Mohammad Afshar); NeuroVision Imaging, Inc., Sacramento, California, USA (Leyla Akman-Anderson, Steven R. Verdooner); Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (Joaquín Arenas, Alejandro Lucía); Biostatistics and Special Pharmacokinetics Unit/Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Norbert Benda); Roche Diagnostics International, Rotkreuz, Switzerland (Richard Batrla); Head and President, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Karl Broich); Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy (Filippo Caraci); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (A. Claudio Cuello); 2E Science, Robbio, Pavia, Italy (Enzo Emanuele); Neurology/Psychiatry/Ophthalmology Unit, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Marion Haberkamp); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Steven J. Kiddle); Universidad Europea de Madrid (Sports Science Department), Madrid, Spain (Alejandro Lucía); Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA (Mark Mapstone); Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (Janet Woodcock). Address for correspondence: Professor Harald Hampel, MD, PhD, Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France. (email: Harald.Hampel@med.uni-muenchen.de).
Marion HaberkampAuthor affiliations: AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France (Harald Hampel, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista); Ariana Pharma, Paris, France (Mohammad Afshar); NeuroVision Imaging, Inc., Sacramento, California, USA (Leyla Akman-Anderson, Steven R. Verdooner); Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (Joaquín Arenas, Alejandro Lucía); Biostatistics and Special Pharmacokinetics Unit/Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Norbert Benda); Roche Diagnostics International, Rotkreuz, Switzerland (Richard Batrla); Head and President, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Karl Broich); Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy (Filippo Caraci); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (A. Claudio Cuello); 2E Science, Robbio, Pavia, Italy (Enzo Emanuele); Neurology/Psychiatry/Ophthalmology Unit, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Marion Haberkamp); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Steven J. Kiddle); Universidad Europea de Madrid (Sports Science Department), Madrid, Spain (Alejandro Lucía); Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA (Mark Mapstone); Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (Janet Woodcock). Address for correspondence: Professor Harald Hampel, MD, PhD, Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France. (email: Harald.Hampel@med.uni-muenchen.de).
Steven J KiddleAuthor affiliations: AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France (Harald Hampel, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista); Ariana Pharma, Paris, France (Mohammad Afshar); NeuroVision Imaging, Inc., Sacramento, California, USA (Leyla Akman-Anderson, Steven R. Verdooner); Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (Joaquín Arenas, Alejandro Lucía); Biostatistics and Special Pharmacokinetics Unit/Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Norbert Benda); Roche Diagnostics International, Rotkreuz, Switzerland (Richard Batrla); Head and President, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Karl Broich); Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy (Filippo Caraci); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (A. Claudio Cuello); 2E Science, Robbio, Pavia, Italy (Enzo Emanuele); Neurology/Psychiatry/Ophthalmology Unit, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Marion Haberkamp); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Steven J. Kiddle); Universidad Europea de Madrid (Sports Science Department), Madrid, Spain (Alejandro Lucía); Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA (Mark Mapstone); Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (Janet Woodcock). Address for correspondence: Professor Harald Hampel, MD, PhD, Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France. (email: Harald.Hampel@med.uni-muenchen.de).
Alejandro LucíaAuthor affiliations: AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France (Harald Hampel, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista); Ariana Pharma, Paris, France (Mohammad Afshar); NeuroVision Imaging, Inc., Sacramento, California, USA (Leyla Akman-Anderson, Steven R. Verdooner); Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (Joaquín Arenas, Alejandro Lucía); Biostatistics and Special Pharmacokinetics Unit/Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Norbert Benda); Roche Diagnostics International, Rotkreuz, Switzerland (Richard Batrla); Head and President, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Karl Broich); Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy (Filippo Caraci); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (A. Claudio Cuello); 2E Science, Robbio, Pavia, Italy (Enzo Emanuele); Neurology/Psychiatry/Ophthalmology Unit, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Marion Haberkamp); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Steven J. Kiddle); Universidad Europea de Madrid (Sports Science Department), Madrid, Spain (Alejandro Lucía); Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA (Mark Mapstone); Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (Janet Woodcock). Address for correspondence: Professor Harald Hampel, MD, PhD, Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France. (email: Harald.Hampel@med.uni-muenchen.de).
Mark MapstoneAuthor affiliations: AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France (Harald Hampel, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista); Ariana Pharma, Paris, France (Mohammad Afshar); NeuroVision Imaging, Inc., Sacramento, California, USA (Leyla Akman-Anderson, Steven R. Verdooner); Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (Joaquín Arenas, Alejandro Lucía); Biostatistics and Special Pharmacokinetics Unit/Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Norbert Benda); Roche Diagnostics International, Rotkreuz, Switzerland (Richard Batrla); Head and President, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Karl Broich); Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy (Filippo Caraci); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (A. Claudio Cuello); 2E Science, Robbio, Pavia, Italy (Enzo Emanuele); Neurology/Psychiatry/Ophthalmology Unit, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Marion Haberkamp); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Steven J. Kiddle); Universidad Europea de Madrid (Sports Science Department), Madrid, Spain (Alejandro Lucía); Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA (Mark Mapstone); Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (Janet Woodcock). Address for correspondence: Professor Harald Hampel, MD, PhD, Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France. (email: Harald.Hampel@med.uni-muenchen.de).
Steven R VerdoonerAuthor affiliations: AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France (Harald Hampel, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista); Ariana Pharma, Paris, France (Mohammad Afshar); NeuroVision Imaging, Inc., Sacramento, California, USA (Leyla Akman-Anderson, Steven R. Verdooner); Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (Joaquín Arenas, Alejandro Lucía); Biostatistics and Special Pharmacokinetics Unit/Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Norbert Benda); Roche Diagnostics International, Rotkreuz, Switzerland (Richard Batrla); Head and President, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Karl Broich); Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy (Filippo Caraci); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (A. Claudio Cuello); 2E Science, Robbio, Pavia, Italy (Enzo Emanuele); Neurology/Psychiatry/Ophthalmology Unit, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Marion Haberkamp); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Steven J. Kiddle); Universidad Europea de Madrid (Sports Science Department), Madrid, Spain (Alejandro Lucía); Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA (Mark Mapstone); Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (Janet Woodcock). Address for correspondence: Professor Harald Hampel, MD, PhD, Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France. (email: Harald.Hampel@med.uni-muenchen.de).
Janet WoodcockAuthor affiliations: AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France (Harald Hampel, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista); Ariana Pharma, Paris, France (Mohammad Afshar); NeuroVision Imaging, Inc., Sacramento, California, USA (Leyla Akman-Anderson, Steven R. Verdooner); Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (Joaquín Arenas, Alejandro Lucía); Biostatistics and Special Pharmacokinetics Unit/Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Norbert Benda); Roche Diagnostics International, Rotkreuz, Switzerland (Richard Batrla); Head and President, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Karl Broich); Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy (Filippo Caraci); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (A. Claudio Cuello); 2E Science, Robbio, Pavia, Italy (Enzo Emanuele); Neurology/Psychiatry/Ophthalmology Unit, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Marion Haberkamp); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Steven J. Kiddle); Universidad Europea de Madrid (Sports Science Department), Madrid, Spain (Alejandro Lucía); Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA (Mark Mapstone); Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (Janet Woodcock). Address for correspondence: Professor Harald Hampel, MD, PhD, Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France. (email: Harald.Hampel@med.uni-muenchen.de).
Simone ListaAuthor affiliations: AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France (Harald Hampel, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista); Ariana Pharma, Paris, France (Mohammad Afshar); NeuroVision Imaging, Inc., Sacramento, California, USA (Leyla Akman-Anderson, Steven R. Verdooner); Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (Joaquín Arenas, Alejandro Lucía); Biostatistics and Special Pharmacokinetics Unit/Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Norbert Benda); Roche Diagnostics International, Rotkreuz, Switzerland (Richard Batrla); Head and President, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Karl Broich); Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy (Filippo Caraci); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (A. Claudio Cuello); 2E Science, Robbio, Pavia, Italy (Enzo Emanuele); Neurology/Psychiatry/Ophthalmology Unit, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany (Marion Haberkamp); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Steven J. Kiddle); Universidad Europea de Madrid (Sports Science Department), Madrid, Spain (Alejandro Lucía); Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA (Mark Mapstone); Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (Janet Woodcock). Address for correspondence: Professor Harald Hampel, MD, PhD, Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France. (email: Harald.Hampel@med.uni-muenchen.de).
Funding
Medical Research Council MR/L011859/1Medical Research Council MR/P021573/1
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD)-a complex disease showing multiple pathomechanistic alterations-is triggered by nonlinear dynamic interactions of genetic/epigenetic and environmental risk factors, which, ultimately, converge into a biologically heterogeneous disease. To tackle the burden of AD during early preclinical stages, accessible blood-based biomarkers are currently being developed. Specifically, next-generation clinical trials are expected to integrate positive and negative predictive blood-based biomarkers into study designs to evaluate, at the individual level, target druggability and potential drug resistance mechanisms. In this scenario, systems biology holds promise to accelerate validation and qualification for clinical trial contexts of use-including proof-of-mechanism, patient selection, assessment of treatment efficacy and safety rates, and prognostic evaluation. Albeit in their infancy, systems biology-based approaches are poised to identify relevant AD "signatures" through multifactorial and interindividual variability, allowing us to decipher disease pathophysiology and etiology. Hopefully, innovative biomarker-drug codevelopment strategies will be the road ahead towards effective disease-modifying drugs. .
Indexed as
Alzheimer DiseaseClinical Trials as TopicDrug DevelopmentBiomarkersEarly DiagnosisEligibility DeterminationHumansPrecision MedicineBiomarkersAlzheimer’s diseasebiomarker-drug codevelopmentblood-based biomarkerclinical trialcontext of usepathophysiologyprecision medicinepredictive biomarkersystems biology
Identifiers
PMID
31636492PMC
PMC6787542What OpenQuestion holds
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