ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2019
Associations between Witnessing and Perpetrating Online Hate in Eight Countries: The Buffering Effects of Problem-Focused Coping.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Systematic Review on Hate Speech among Children and Adolescents: Definitions, Prevalence, and Overlap with Related Phenomena.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2023Pooled it
- The influence of hate speech on adolescents' bystander intention and TNB aggression.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2026Article
- Exposure to hate in online and traditional media: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of this exposure on individuals and communities.Campbell systematic reviews · 2025Review
- Journalists are most likely to receive abuse: analysing online abuse of UK public figures across sport, politics, and journalism on Twitter.EPJ data science · 2025Article
- Active bystandership by youth in the digital era: Microintervention strategies for responding to social media-based microaggressions and cyberbullying.Psychological services · 2023Article
- Identifying Hate Speech and Attribution of Responsibility: An Analysis of Simulated WhatsApp Conversations during the Pandemic.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Playing by the Rules? An Investigation of the Relationship Between Social Norms and Adolescents' Hate Speech Perpetration in Schools.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2022Article
- Associations between Coping Strategies and Cyberhate Involvement: Evidence from Adolescents across Three World Regions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Xenophobic Bullying and COVID-19: An Exploration Using Big Data and Qualitative Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Factors Associated with Online Hate Acceptance: A Cross-National Six-Country Study among Young Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Prevalence of Bullying Behaviors Among Students From a National University in the United Arab Emirates: A Cross-Sectional Study.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Who Is Exposed to Harmful Online Content? The Role of Risk and Protective Factors Among Czech, Finnish, and Spanish Adolescents.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2021Article
- Correction: Wachs, S., et al. Associations between Witnessing and Perpetrating Online Hate in Eight Countries: The Buffering Effects of Problem-Focused Coping.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Youth Exposure to Hate in the Online Space: An Exploratory Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Online hate is a topic that has received considerable interest lately, as online hate represents a risk to self-determination and peaceful coexistence in societies around the globe. However, not much is known about the explanations for adolescents posting or forwarding hateful online material or how adolescents cope with this newly emerging online risk. Thus, we sought to better understand the relationship between a bystander to and perpetrator of online hate, and the moderating effects of problem-focused coping strategies (e.g., assertive, technical coping) within this relationship. Self-report questionnaires on witnessing and committing online hate and assertive and technical coping were completed by 6829 adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age from eight countries. The results showed that increases in witnessing online hate were positively related to being a perpetrator of online hate. Assertive and technical coping strategies were negatively related with perpetrating online hate. Bystanders of online hate reported fewer instances of perpetrating online hate when they reported higher levels of assertive and technical coping strategies, and more frequent instances of perpetrating online hate when they reported lower levels of assertive and technical coping strategies. In conclusion, our findings suggest that, if effective, prevention and intervention programs that target online hate should consider educating young people about problem-focused coping strategies, self-assertiveness, and media skills. Implications for future research are discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.