ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982)2019
Association between homelessness and opioid overdose and opioid-related hospital admissions/emergency department visits.
Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 156 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between housing status and mental health and substance use severity among individuals with opioid use disorder and co-occurring depression and/or PTSD.BMC primary care · 2025Trial
- Perception and Correlates of Opioid Overdose Risk Among Overdose Survivors Who Use Nonprescribed Opioids in San Francisco and Boston.Substance use & addiction journal · 2024Trial
- Perceptions surrounding intranasal naloxone use and access among a population experiencing homelessness.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- Community-level perceptions of housing services for people with opioid use disorder: a qualitative analysis of community stakeholders in the HEALing communities study.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Article
- Social Determinants of Health and 1-Year Buprenorphine Initiation Among Justice-Involved Veterans.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Homelessness, justice involvement, and publicly funded substance use treatment after Medicaid expansion.Health affairs scholar · 2026Article
- A Novel Index Measure of Housing-Related Risk as a Predictor of Overdose Among Young People Who Inject Drugs and Injection Networks.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- The power of people who use drugs as mass media influencers in changing public opinion during the global overdose epidemic.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Illicit Drug Detection in 5 US Cities Among Out-of-Treatment People Who Inject Drugs.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- 'I dream of the airplane, but I cannot board it': Exploring end-of-life aspirations with people who have lived experiences of homelessness.Palliative care and social practice · 2026Article
- A Comparative Analysis of Opioid Overdose Hospitalizations Pre- and Post-Pandemic: Insights from the National Inpatient Sample Database.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2026Article
- Relational trust in outreach with women experiencing street-involvement in British Columbia, Canada: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Who feels safe calling 911: are prior experiences of anti-Black racial discrimination associated with hesitancy seeking emergency medical services in the event of accidental drug overdose? - a study protocol.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Development of a Low-Barrier, Reimbursable Take-Home Naloxone Program at a Regional Health System.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Housing Insecurity among Emergency Department Patients with Opioid Use Disorder.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Predicting drug overdose and death after "before medically advised" hospital discharge.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025Article
- A Risk Taxonomy and Reflection Tool for Large Language Model Adoption in Public Health.Proceedings of the ACM on human-computer interaction · 2025Article
- The relationship between COVID-19 and opioid-related emergency department visits in Alberta, Canada: an interrupted time series analysis.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025Article
- Longitudinal evaluation examining implementation and sustainment of an opioid overdose education and naloxone distribution among veterans who are unstably housed.Implementation science communications · 2025Article
- Shifting Cohort Patterns in the Use of Drugs with Elevated Overdose Risk in the United States.Social problems · 2025Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough homelessness and opioid overdose are major public health issues in the U.S., evidence is limited as to whether homelessness is associated with an increased risk of opioid overdose.
objectiveTo compare opioid-related outcomes between homeless versus housed individuals in low-income communities. DESIGN, SETTING, AND
participantsCross-sectional analysis of individuals who had at least one ED visit or hospitalization in four states (Florida, Maryland, Massachusetts, and New York) in 2014. MEASUREMENTS: Risk of opioid overdose and opioid-related ED visits/hospital admissions were compared between homeless versus low-income housed individuals, adjusting for patient characteristics and hospital-specific fixed effects (effectively comparing homeless versus low-income housed individuals treated at the same hospital). We also examined whether risk of opioid-related outcomes varied by patients' sex and race/ethnicity.
resultsA total of 96,099 homeless and 2,869,230 low-income housed individuals were analyzed. Homeless individuals had significantly higher risk of opioid overdose (adjusted risk, 1.8% for homeless vs. 0.3% for low-income housed individuals; adjusted risk difference [aRD], +1.5%; 95%CI, +1.0% to +2.0%; p < 0.001) and opioid-related ED visit/hospital admission (10.4% vs. 1.5%; aRD, +8.9%; 95%CI, +7.2% to +10.6%; p < 0.001) compared to low-income housed individuals. Non-Hispanic White females had the highest risk among the homeless population, whereas non-Hispanic White males had the highest risk among the low-income housed population. LIMITATIONS: Individuals with no ED visit or hospitalization in 2014 were not included.
conclusionHomeless individuals had disproportionately higher adjusted risk of opioid-related outcomes compared to low-income housed individuals treated at the same hospital. Among homeless individuals, non-Hispanic White females incurred the highest risk. These findings highlight the importance of recognizing the homeless population-especially the non-Hispanic White female homeless population-as a high-risk population for opioid overdose.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.