ReviewJournal of thoracic disease2019
Pharmacotherapy and adjunctive treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
Review in Journal of thoracic disease, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Clinical applications of mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies for pulmonary diseases: An Update and Concise Review.International journal of medical sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Regional micro-computed tomography analysis enables longitudinal detection of compensatory ventilation effects in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
- β-carboline derivative Z86 alleviates pulmonary fibrosis via suppressing TGF-β/Smad signaling.Natural products and bioprospecting · 2026Article
- TGF-β Signaling as a Pathological Continuum Linking Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Lung Cancer.Cells · 2026Review
- Bridging the gaps: the gut-lung axis and microbial metabolites in the pathogenesis and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Recent Updates on Molecular and Physical Therapies for Organ Fibrosis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Evidence that metformin promotes fibrosis resolutionActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Article
- The unexplored mechanism of antitumoral effect of pirfenidone in melanoma cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- [Therapeutic mechanism ofNan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2025Article
- Pulmonary fibrosis: from mechanisms to therapies.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Tanshinone IIA alleviates pulmonary fibrosis by modulating glutamine metabolic reprogramming based on [U-Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- The significance of periostin in the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and prediction of acute exacerbations.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Treatment of Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Intratracheal Instillation Administration of Ellagic Acid-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Article
- Article
- Unpacking the anti-fibrotic arsenal: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic translation of MSC-derived exosomes in pulmonary fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Causal Association Between 12 Micronutrients and Common Chronic Respiratory Diseases: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Genetics research · 2025Article
- Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells preferentially modulate macrophages to alleviate pulmonary fibrosis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2024Article
- Immune mechanisms and novel therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Pharmaceutical science advances · 2024Review
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an advancing and fatal lung disease with increasing incidence and prevalence. Nintedanib and pirfenidone were approved by the FDA for the treatment of IPF in 2014 based on positive phase 3 trials, and both of these antifibrotic drugs are conditionally recommended in the 2015 ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline. Although an improvement over previously suggested therapies, their capacity to reduce, but not completely arrest or improve, lung function over time presents an opportunity for novel or add-on pharmacologic agents. The purpose of this review is to deliver a brief overview of the results of phase 3/4 IPF trials with pirfenidone and nintedanib, as well as highlight encouraging results of phase 1/2 trials with novel therapies. Long-term studies indicate that pirfenidone and nintedanib are effective IPF treatments, with acceptable safety and tolerability. The combination of pirfenidone and nintedanib appear safe. Promising results have recently been made public for several phase 2 trials with novel targets, including the autotaxin-lysophosphatidic acid (ATX/LPA) pathway, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), pentraxin-2, G protein-coupled receptor agonists/antagonists, αvβ6 integrin, and galectin-3. Results of treatments directed at gastro-esophageal reflux in patients with IPF have also been published. Currently, monotherapy with pirfenidone or nintedanib is the mainstay of pharmacological treatment for IPF. Innovative therapies along with combinations of pharmacological agents hold great promise for the future.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.