ArticleNPJ vaccines2019
Microprojection arrays applied to skin generate mechanical stress, induce an inflammatory transcriptome and cell death, and improve vaccine-induced immune responses.
Article in NPJ vaccines, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- The Mechano-Immune-Vascular Activation Loop: An Integrative Conceptual Framework for Positive Feedback in Hypertension.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Leveraging tissue-resident memory T cells for non-invasive immune monitoring via microneedle skin patches.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Temporal transcriptional dynamics in cutaneous leishmaniasis reveal novel targets for therapeutic interventions in a dermal mouse model.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Tetravalent microprojection-based dengue chimeric virus vaccine raises potent neutralising antibodies in mice.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Skin patch delivery of a SARS-CoV-2 spike DNA vaccine produces broad neutralising antibody responses.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Emerging adjuvants for intradermal vaccination.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Microneedle-Mediated Transdermal Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Role of drug delivery technologies in the success of COVID-19 vaccines: a perspective.Drug delivery and translational research · 2022Review
- A Single-Administration Microneedle Skin Patch for Multi-Burst Release of Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.Advanced materials technologies · 2022Article
- Local Response and Barrier Recovery in Elderly Skin Following the Application of High-Density Microarray Patches.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Dermal Delivery of a SARS-CoV-2 Subunit Vaccine Induces Immunogenicity against Variants of Concern.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Developing a Stabilizing Formulation of a Live Chimeric Dengue Virus Vaccine Dry Coated on a High-Density Microarray Patch.Vaccines · 2021Article
- Complete protection by a single-dose skin patch-delivered SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccine.Science advances · 2021Article
- A chimeric dengue virus vaccine candidate delivered by high density microarray patches protects against infection in mice.NPJ vaccines · 2021Article
- Microarray patches enable the development of skin-targeted vaccines against COVID-19.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2021Review
- Emerging skin-targeted drug delivery strategies to engineer immunity: A focus on infectious diseases.Expert opinion on drug delivery · 2021Review
- Injection site vaccinology of a recombinant vaccinia-based vector reveals diverse innate immune signatures.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- cGAMP/Saponin Adjuvant Combination Improves Protective Response to Influenza Vaccination by Microneedle Patch in an Aged Mouse Model.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Efficient Delivery of Dengue Virus Subunit Vaccines to the Skin by Microprojection Arrays.Vaccines · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chemical adjuvants are typically used to improve immune responses induced by immunisation with protein antigens. Here we demonstrate an approach to enhance immune responses that does not require chemical adjuvants. We applied microprojection arrays to the skin, producing a range of controlled mechanical energy to invoke localised inflammation, while administering influenza split virus protein antigen. We used validated computational modelling methods to identify links between mechanical stress and energy generated within the skin strata and resultant cell death. We compared induced immune responses to those induced by needle-based intradermal antigen delivery and used a systems biology approach to examine the nature of the induced inflammatory response, and correlated this with markers of cell stress and death. Increasing the microprojection array application energy and the addition of QS-21 adjuvant were each associated with enhanced antibody response to delivered antigen and with induction of gene transcriptions associated with TNF and NF-κB signalling pathways. We concluded that microprojection intradermal antigen delivery inducing controlled local cell death could potentially replace chemical adjuvants to enhance the immune response to protein antigen.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.