Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31632461›Full record

ArticleTherapeutic advances in neurological disorders2019

Reduced serum immunoglobulin G concentrations in multiple sclerosis: prevalence and association with disease-modifying therapy and disease course.

Greta Zoehner, Andrei Miclea, Anke Salmen, Nicole Kamber, Lara Diem, Christoph Friedli, Maud Bagnoud, Farhad Ahmadi, Myriam Briner, Nazanin Sédille-Mostafaie and 5 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Prevalence of hypogammaglobulinemia after non-anti-CD20 therapies and impact of switching to rituximab/ocrelizumab in multiple sclerosis.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025
    Article
  6. Impact of Age on Switching or Stopping Disease Modifying Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Plasma IgG aggregates as biomarkers for multiple sclerosis.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2023
    Article
  13. Assessing Sustained B-Cell Depletion and Disease Activity in a French Multiple Sclerosis Cohort Treated by Long-Term IV Anti-CD20 Antibody Therapy.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2023
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Greta ZoehnerDepartment of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Andrei MicleaDepartment of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern. Freiburgstrasse, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland.
Anke SalmenDepartment of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Nicole KamberDepartment of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Lara DiemDepartment of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Christoph FriedliDepartment of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Maud BagnoudDepartment of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Farhad AhmadiDepartment of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Myriam BrinerDepartment of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Nazanin Sédille-MostafaieUniversity Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Constantinos KilidireasDepartment of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Leonidas StefanisDepartment of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Andrew ChanDepartment of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Robert HoepnerDepartment of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0115-7021
Maria Eleftheria EvangelopoulosDepartment of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
University of Bern · CHNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens · GR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn multiple sclerosis (MS), the frequency of hypogammaglobulinemia is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of reduced immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations and its association with immunotherapy and disease course in two independent MS cohorts.

methodsIn our retrospective cross-sectional study, MS patients and control patients with head or neck pain from Bern University Hospital (Bern, Switzerland) and Eginition University Hospital (Athens, Greece) were included. The lower limits of normal (LLN) for serum Ig concentration were IgG < 700 mg/dl, IgM < 40 mg/dl, and IgA < 70 mg/dl. Mann-Whitney

resultsIn total, 327 MS patients were retrospectively identified (Bern/Athens:

conclusionOur study demonstrated high prevalence rates of reduced serum IgG concentrations in MS patients with and without disease-modifying treatments. The significance of lower IgG concentrations at the levels noted is unclear considering that infections or interference with antibody production generally occur when IgG levels are much lower, at or below 400 mg/dl. However, the information is useful to monitor IgG levels especially with anti-B-cell therapies and consider IgG substitution when levels drop below 400 mg/dl.

Indexed as

anti-B-cellCD20deficiencyIgGimmunoglobulineslowMSmultiple sclerosisprevalence

Identifiers

PMID31632461
PMCPMC6767745
OpenAlexW2975094970

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.