ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
Microenvironmental Heterogeneity in Brain Malignancies.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed.
- Harnessing Natural Killer Cells: From Neuroimmunology to Novel Therapies for Central Nervous System Diseases.MedComm · 2026Review
- Review
- A macrophage co-expression signature enables robust prognostic prediction in glioblastoma.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Advancing brain tumor therapy: unveiling the potential of PROTACs for targeted protein degradation.Cytotechnology · 2025Review
- Natural Source of Drugs Targeting Central Nervous System Tumors-Focus on NAD(P)H Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) Activity.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- CAR-T cell therapy in brain malignancies: obstacles in the face of cellular trafficking and persistence.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A multi-omics atlas of CAF subtypes reveals apCAF-M2 macrophage interactions driving immune resistance in glioma.PloS one · 2025Article
- Metabolism: an important player in glioma survival and development.Discover oncology · 2024Review
- Understanding the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma: mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Targeting the Endocannabinoid System Present in the Glioblastoma Tumour Microenvironment as a Potential Anti-Cancer Strategy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- ITGA1 Promotes Glioma Cell Proliferation and Affects Immune Cell Infiltration in Low-Grade Glioma.Mediators of inflammation · 2024Article
- Different origin-derived exosomes and their clinical advantages in cancer therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles as modulators of glioblastoma progression and tumor microenvironment.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2024Review
- Review
- Integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation reveal ISG20 as a novel prognostic indicator expressed on M2 macrophage in glioma.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- Review
- Tumor lineage-specific immune response in brain metastatic disease: opportunities for targeted immunotherapy regimen?Acta neuropathologica communications · 2023Article
- The Use of Liquid Biopsy in the Molecular Analysis of Plasma Compared to the Tumour Tissue from a Patient with Brain Metastasis: A Case Report.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain tumors are among the deadliest malignancies. The brain tumor microenvironment (TME) hosts a unique collection of cells, soluble factors, and extracellular matrix components that regulate disease evolution of both primary and metastatic brain malignancies. It is established that macrophages and other myeloid cells are abundant in the brain TME and strongly correlate with aggressive phenotypes and distinct genetic signatures, while lymphoid cells are less frequent but are now known to have a pronounced effect on disease progression. Different types of brain tumors vary widely in their microenvironmental contexture, and the proportion of various stromal components impacts tumor biology. Indeed, emerging evidence suggests an intimate link between the molecular signature of tumor cells and the composition of the TME, shedding light on the mechanisms which underlie microenvironmental heterogeneity in brain cancer. In this review, we discuss the association between TME composition and the diverse molecular profiles of primary gliomas and brain metastases. We also discuss the implications of these associations on the efficacy of immunotherapy in brain malignancies. An appreciation for the causes and functional consequences of microenvironmental heterogeneity in brain cancer will be of crucial importance to the rational design of microenvironment-targeted therapies for these deadly diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.