ArticleClinical medicine insights. Endocrinology and diabetes2019
Hypercholesterolemia Due to Lipoprotein X: Case Report and Thematic Review.
Article in Clinical medicine insights. Endocrinology and diabetes, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lipoprotein X: artifactual lipid derangement in type 3c diabetes with obstructive liver disease.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- When Direct LDL Cholesterol Assays Fail: A Case Series of Analytically Implausible Results.Annals of laboratory medicine · 2026Article
- Lipidome remodeling in primary biliary cholangitis.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Review
- Article
- Severe Hypercholesterolemia Mediated by Lipoprotein X in an Immunosuppressed Patient: A Case Report.GE Portuguese journal of gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Diffuse xanthomas in a patient with lipoprotein X hyperlipidemia.JAAD case reports · 2023Article
- Lipoprotein-X: A Case of Falsely Elevated LDL Hypercholesterolemia.JACC. Case reports · 2023Article
- Hypercholesterolemia due to lipoprotein-X manifesting as pseudohyponatremia in a patient with cholestasis.Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2023Article
- Lipoprotein-X and Lipoprotein-Z Induced Hyperviscosity Syndrome in the Setting of Cholestatic Liver Failure.JACC. Case reports · 2022Article
- A Simple Fluorescent Cholesterol Labeling Method to Cryoprotect and Detect Plasma Lipoprotein-X.Biology · 2022Article
- Verrucous plane xanthomas secondary to lipoprotein X dyslipidemia in the context of cholestatic fulminant hepatitis: A case report.SAGE open medical case reports · 2021Article
- Transiently Elevated TC and sdLDL-C Levels and Falsely Low LDL-C Levels in Patients with Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.OncoTargets and therapy · 2021Article
- Diffuse xanthomas in a patient with primary biliary cholangitis and lipoprotein X.JAAD case reports · 2021Article
- Hypercholesterolemia After COVID-19: Time to Include Lipoprotein X Among the Differential Diagnoses.AACE clinical case reportsArticle
- Monocyte phenotyping and management of lipoprotein X syndrome.Journal of clinical lipidologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The liver is a key organ in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, hence hepatic diseases often manifest as lipid disturbances. Cholestatic liver diseases are frequently associated with an important increase in total cholesterol at the expense of lipoprotein X (LpX), an abnormal lipoprotein isolated and characterized in the 1960s to 1970s in patients with obstructive jaundice. Lipoprotein X is rich in phospholipids, albumin, and free cholesterol, has a density similar to low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and a size similar to very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), which has hampered its detection through routine laboratory tests. Unlike LDL, LpX has no apoB-100, so it is not removed from circulation via the LDL receptor, and it is not clear whether or not it can be atherogenic. Although LpX was initially described in patients with cholestasis, it has also been found in patients with genetic deficiency of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), in patients who receive lipid-rich parenteral nutrition and most recently in patients with graft versus host disease of the liver. In the presence of LpX, plasma total cholesterol can rise up to 1000 mg/dL, which may lead to the development of skin xanthomas and hyperviscosity syndrome. Treatment of LpX-dependent hypercholesterolemia with conventional hypolipidemic drugs is frequently ineffective, and definitive treatment relies on correction of the underlying cause of cholestasis. Here, we present the case of a patient with LpX-dependent hypercholesterolemia in the context of primary biliary cholangitis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.