ArticleInternational journal of women's health2019
Retained placenta after vaginal delivery: risk factors and management.
Article in International journal of women's health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Objective monitoring of postpartum uterine activity: a systematic scoping review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Prophylactic antibiotics for manual removal of retained placenta in vaginal birth.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Uterotonics for management of retained placenta.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of obstetric and neonatal outcomes in patients after treatment of hysteroscopic adhesiolysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Molecular Changes on Maternal-Fetal Interface in Placental Abruption-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Risk factors for non-adherent retained placenta after vaginal delivery: a systematic review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Pooled it
- Congenital Uterine Malformations and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Observational Study to Inform Reproductive Counseling.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2026Article
- Uterine artery embolisation in symptomatic patients with placenta accreta spectrum disorders.Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia · 2026Article
- Risk factors for partial placental retention after Cesarean delivery: a preliminary report.Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2026Article
- Accuracy of Blood Loss Estimation and Identification of Factors Contributing to Early Postpartum Hemorrhage Following Vaginal Delivery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Comprehensive Review of Medical and Surgical Treatment.Maternal-fetal medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) · 2026Review
- Anesthetic strategies for manual removal of retained placenta: an observational cohort study at a university referral center.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2026Article
- Influence of Uterine Balloon Tamponade Prevalence on Uterine Artery Embolization in the Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Maternal and perinatal factors associated with childbirth-related post-traumatic stress symptoms: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Article
- Progesterone receptor antagonism by mifepristone impairs trophoblast stemness and promotes apoptosis through upregulation of PDCD4.Cell & bioscience · 2025Article
- Uterine artery embolization for secondary postpartum hemorrhage due to retained products of conception, a case series.Radiology case reports · 2025Article
- Using Comparative Transcriptomics and Histology to Identify Significant Differentially Expressed Genes Associated with Retained Placenta in Humans and Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta).Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2025Article
- Novel risk factors associated with retained placenta after vaginal birth.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025Article
- Replacement therapy in pregnant women with von Willebrand disease during delivery: Factor levels and pharmacokinetics.HemaSphere · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Retained placenta after vaginal delivery is diagnosed when a placenta does not spontaneously deliver within a designated amount of time, variably defined as a period of 18-60 mins. It may also be diagnosed if a patient experiences significant hemorrhage prior to delivery of the placenta. Normal placenta delivery requires adequate uterine contractions, with shearing of the placenta and decidua from the uterine wall and expulsion of the tissue. Thus, retained placenta can occur in the setting of significant uterine atony, abnormally adherent placenta, as with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), or closure of the cervix prior to placental expulsion. Risk factors for retained placenta parallel those for uterine atony and PAS and include prolonged oxytocin use, high parity, preterm delivery, history of uterine surgery, and IVF conceptions. History of a prior retained placenta and congenital uterine anomalies also appear to be risk factors. Management entails manual removal of the placenta with adequate analgesia, as medical intervention alone has not been proven effective. Complications can include major hemorrhage, endometritis, or retained portions of placental tissue, the latter of which can lead to delayed hemorrhage or infection. Prophylactic antibiotics can be considered with manual placenta removal, though evidence regarding effectiveness is inconsistent. If hemorrhage is encountered, deployment of a massive transfusion protocol, uterine evacuation with suction, and use of intrauterine tamponade, as with an intrauterine balloon, should be initiated immediately. When a separation plane between the placenta and uterus is particularly difficult to create, PAS should be considered, and preparations should be made for hemorrhage and hysterectomy. Patients with risk factors for retained placenta should have a laboratory sample sent for blood type and antibody screening on admission to labor and delivery, and plans should be made for appropriate analgesia and preparations for hemorrhage if a retained placenta is encountered.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.