Trial reportBritish journal of sports medicine2020
Cognitive functional therapy compared with a group-based exercise and education intervention for chronic low back pain: a multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT).
Trial report in British journal of sports medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 85 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Cognitive Functional Therapy on Patients With Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain: a Multi-centre Randomized Trial
Effects of Primal Reflex Release Technique on Pain, Disability and Flexibility in Patients With Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain
Cognitive Functional Therapy Compared With Pilates in Elderly Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain Treated Via Telerehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of Mat Pilates Versus Functional Training on Pain, Range of Motion and Disability in Mechanical Low Back Pain
Comparative Effects of Group Based Exercises with and Without Cognitive Functional Therapy on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Efficacy of Cognitive Functional Therapy in Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain After Spinal Surgery: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 221 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence, risk factors, and conservative management of low back pain in competitive gymnasts: a systematic review.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy combined with conventional physical therapy for chronic low back pain: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of education in patients undergoing physiotherapy for lower back pain: a level I systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2025Pooled it
- Cognitive Functional Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Physical therapy · 2024Pooled it
- Psychological interventions for chronic, non-specific low back pain: systematic review with network meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Pooled it
- Exercise therapy for chronic low back pain.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The effect of lumbar stabilization and stretching exercises on pain, disability, and characteristics of the lumbar paraspinal muscles in chronic nonspecific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Trial
- A feasibility randomised controlled trial of patient education videos assessing multimedia design effects on engagement and learning in adolescents with scoliosis.BMC medical education · 2026Trial
- Impact of Vojta therapy combined with standard care on psychometric and functional parameters in patients with chronic lower back pain: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of medicine and life · 2024Trial
- Effect of multidimensional physiotherapy on non-specific chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2023Trial
- Efficacy of Individualized Sensory-Based mHealth Interventions to Improve Distress Coping in Healthcare Professionals: A Multi-Arm Parallel-Group Randomized Controlled Trial.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Trial
- Effects of behavioural exercise therapy on the effectiveness of multidisciplinary rehabilitation for chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomised controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2021Trial
- Changes in pain sensitivity and spinal stiffness in relation to responder status following spinal manipulative therapy in chronic low Back pain: a secondary explorative analysis of a randomized trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2021Trial
- Pilates in the Workplace: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Physical, Psychological, and Functional Outcomes in Employees.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Review
- Multidisciplinary expert consensus on clinical diagnosis and therapies for low back pain.Bone research · 2026Article
- Exposure-based Interventions for Chronic Pain and Bodily Symptoms: A Special Interest Meeting Report.Behaviour research and therapy · 2026Article
- Short-term outcomes of a micro-choice-based intervention for chronic low back pain: a quasi-experimental study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Psychometric Validation of the LBP-BSTv2 for Assessing Maladaptive Beliefs in Patients With Non-Specific Low Back Pain.Annals of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOne-size-fits-all interventions reduce chronic low back pain (CLBP) a small amount. An individualised intervention called cognitive functional therapy (CFT) was superior for CLBP compared with manual therapy and exercise in one randomised controlled trial (RCT). However, systematic reviews show group interventions are as effective as one-to-one interventions for musculoskeletal pain. This RCT investigated whether a physiotherapist-delivered individualised intervention (CFT) was more effective than physiotherapist-delivered group-based exercise and education for individuals with CLBP.
methods206 adults with CLBP were randomised to either CFT (n=106) or group-based exercise and education (n=100). The length of the CFT intervention varied according to the clinical progression of participants (mean=5 treatments). The group intervention consisted of up to 6 classes (mean=4 classes) over 6-8 weeks. Primary outcomes were disability and pain intensity in the past week at 6 months and 12months postrandomisation. Analysis was by intention-to-treat using linear mixed models.
resultsCFT reduced disability more than the group intervention at 6 months (mean difference, 8.65; 95% CI 3.66 to 13.64; p=0.001), and at 12 months (mean difference, 7.02; 95% CI 2.24 to 11.80; p=0.004). There were no between-group differences observed in pain intensity at 6 months (mean difference, 0.76; 95% CI -0.02 to 1.54; p=0.056) or 12 months (mean difference, 0.65; 95% CI -0.20 to 1.50; p=0.134).
conclusionCFT reduced disability, but not pain, at 6 and 12 months compared with the group-based exercise and education intervention. Future research should examine whether the greater reduction in disability achieved by CFT renders worthwhile differences for health systems and patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov registry (NCT02145728).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.