Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31628528›Full record

ArticleEuropean child & adolescent psychiatry2020

ADHD symptoms across adolescence: the role of the family and school climate and the DRD4 and 5-HTTLPR genotype.

Djûke M Brinksma, Andrea Dietrich, Annelies de Bildt, Jan K Buitelaar, Barbara J van den Hoofdakker, Pieter J Hoekstra, Catharina A Hartman

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Article in European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Djûke M BrinksmaDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, XA10, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Andrea DietrichDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, XA10, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Annelies de BildtDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, XA10, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Jan K BuitelaarDepartment of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Barbara J van den HoofdakkerDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, XA10, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Pieter J HoekstraDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, XA10, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands. p.hoekstra@accare.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1018-9954
Catharina A HartmanDepartment of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We examined bidirectional relations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and family and school climate, and the possible role of DRD4 and/or 5-HTTLPR genotypes herein. Three-wave longitudinal data of 1860 adolescents (mean ages 11, 13.5, and 16 years) from the general population and clinic-referred cohort of TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey were used. Using a multigroup Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model, we tested between-person (i.e., stable trait levels) and within-person (i.e., causal processes) associations across ADHD symptoms, family and school climate, and the extent to which these depended on genotype. Findings indicated no influence of genotype. Results did show significant between-person differences (ADHD symptoms with family climate r = .38; and school climate r = .23, p values < .001), indicating that higher stable levels of ADHD symptoms were associated with a less favorable family and school climate. Regarding within-person causal processes, ADHD symptoms predicted a less favorable family climate in early adolescence (β = .16, p < .01), while ADHD symptoms predicted a more favorable family climate in the later phase of adolescence (β = - .11, p < .01), a finding which we explain by normative developmental changes during adolescence. Overall, this study showed that negative associations between ADHD symptoms and both family and school climate are largely explained by stable between-person differences. We recommend applying the Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Path Model to developmental data to tease stable associations and change processes apart.

Indexed as

AdolescentAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityChildFamilyFemaleGenotypeHumansMaleReceptors, Dopamine D4SchoolsSerotonin Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsSurveys and QuestionnairesDRD4 protein, humanReceptors, Dopamine D4Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsSLC6A4 protein, humanADHDAdolescenceGene–environment interactionLongitudinal studyRisk and promotive factors

Identifiers

PMID31628528
PMCPMC7369263

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.