ArticleScientific reports2019
Multidecade Mortality and a Homolog of Hepatitis C Virus in Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), the National Bird of the USA.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Contrast-Enhanced CT of the Coelom in a Female Bald Eagle (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Identification of novel hepaciviruses in rock pigeon (Columba livia [Gmelin, 1789]), rusty-margined flycatcher (Myiozetetes cayanensis [Linnaeus, 1766]), and Hispaniolan amazon (Amazona ventralis [Statius Muller, 1776]).Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Generation of a HiBiT-expressing recombinant rat hepacivirus supporting both in vivo and in vitro infection.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Article
- Decreases in chimpanzee respiratory disease signs and enteric viral quantity following implementation of anthroponotic disease prevention protocols at a long-term research site.Biological conservation · 2025Article
- Identification of novel hepaciviruses andVirus evolution · 2025Article
- High frequencies of nonviral colds and respiratory bacteria colonization among children in rural Western Uganda.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Identification and epidemiology of a novelFrontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Novel Gammapapillomavirus type in the nasal cavity of a wild red colobus (Piliocolobus tephrosceles).Access microbiology · 2024Article
- Transcriptome mining extends the host range of theVirus evolution · 2023Article
- Female reproduction and viral infection in a long-lived mammal.The Journal of animal ecology · 2022Article
- Unheeded SARS-CoV-2 proteins? A deep look into negative-sense RNA.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2022Article
- A Highly Divergent Hepacivirus Identified in Domestic Ducks Further Reveals the Genetic Diversity of Hepaciviruses.Viruses · 2022Article
- Viruses associated with ill health in wild chimpanzees.American journal of primatology · 2022Article
- Molecular detection and genomic characterization of diverse hepaciviruses in African rodents.Virus evolution · 2021Article
- Demography, life-history trade-offs, and the gastrointestinal virome of wild chimpanzees.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2020Article
- Novel hepaci- and pegi-like viruses in native Australian wildlife and non-human primates.Virus evolution · 2020Article
- Dissemination of Internal Ribosomal Entry Sites (IRES) Between Viruses by Horizontal Gene Transfer.Viruses · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) once experienced near-extinction but has since rebounded. For decades, bald eagles near the Wisconsin River, USA, have experienced a lethal syndrome with characteristic clinical and pathological features but unknown etiology. Here, we describe a novel hepacivirus-like virus (Flaviviridae: Hepacivirus) identified during an investigation of Wisconsin River eagle syndrome (WRES). Bald eagle hepacivirus (BeHV) belongs to a divergent clade of avian viruses that share features with members of the genera Hepacivirus and Pegivirus. BeHV infected 31.9% of eagles spanning 4,254 km of the coterminous USA, with negative strand viral RNA demonstrating active replication in liver tissues. Eagles from Wisconsin were approximately 10-fold more likely to be infected than eagles from elsewhere. Eagle mitochondrial DNA sequences were homogeneous and geographically unstructured, likely reflecting a recent population bottleneck, whereas BeHV envelope gene sequences showed strong population genetic substructure and isolation by distance, suggesting localized transmission. Cophylogenetic analyses showed no congruity between eagles and their viruses, supporting horizontal rather than vertical transmission. These results expand our knowledge of the Flaviviridae, reveal a striking pattern of decoupled host/virus coevolution on a continental scale, and highlight knowledge gaps about health and conservation in even the most iconic of wildlife species.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.