Observational studyBMC anesthesiology2019
Clinical characteristics, risk factors, immune status and prognosis of secondary infection of sepsis: a retrospective observational study.
Observational study in BMC anesthesiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- A predictive model for the risk of sepsis within 30 days of admission in patients with traumatic brain injury in the intensive care unit: a retrospective analysis based on MIMIC-IV database.European journal of medical research · 2023Trial
- Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with ICU-acquired infections in sepsis: A retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Trial
- Source-controlled bacterial peritonitis improves survival but leaves persistent lung inflammation and airway IgA loss.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Article
- Characterization of IgG N-glycan patterns in COVID-19, sepsis and healthy subjects.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A new murine gram-negative sepsis model with standard care satisfies Sepsis-3 and reproduces clinical pathology.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Article
- Platelet-to-White Blood Cell Ratio as a Predictor of ICU Mortality in Septic Shock and Heart Failure: A Real-World Validation Study Using the MIMIC-eICU and a Chinese Cohort.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Sympathetic regulation of the host immune response to bacterial sepsis.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2025Review
- A comprehensive prognosis model for adult septic shock: SOFAplusCALLY index.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Considering local immunity for innovative immunomodulatory approaches: pulmonary sepsis as a use case.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Risk and Prognostic Factors for Bloodstream Infections Due to Clonally TransmittedInfection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Article
- Optimal strategy for treatment of sepsis based on the host inflammatory reaction and immune response.Journal of intensive medicine · 2024Article
- Comparison of whole blood cytokine immunoassays for rapid, functional immune phenotyping in critically ill patients with sepsis.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2023Article
- Utility of monocyte HLA-DR and rationale for therapeutic GM-CSF in sepsis immunoparalysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Incidence and outcomes of secondary infections in septic patients with cancer.World journal of emergency medicine · 2022Article
- Prognosis-related classification and dynamic monitoring of immune status in patients with sepsis: A prospective observational study.World journal of emergency medicine · 2021Article
- A New Method for Optimizing Sepsis Therapy by Nivolumab and Meropenem Combination: Importance of Early Intervention and CTL Reinvigoration Rate as a Response Marker.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Nomogram Prediction Model for Risk Factors of Secondary Infection in Sepsis Patients.Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/HemostasisArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSecondary infection has a higher incidence in septic patients and affects clinical outcomes. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics, risk factors, immune status and prognosis of secondary infection of sepsis.
methodsA four-year retrospective study was carried out in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, enrolling septic patients admitted between January, 2014 and January, 2018. Clinical data were acquired from medical records. CD14
resultsA total of 297 septic patients were enrolled, 92 of whom developed 150 cases of secondary infections. Respiratory tract was the most common site of secondary infection (n = 84, 56%) and Acinetobacter baumanii the most commonly isolated pathogen (n = 40, 31%). Urinary and deep venous catheterization increased the risk of secondary infection. Lower HLA-DR expression and elevated IL-10 level were found in secondary infection group. The expected prolonged in-hospital stay owing to secondary infection was 4.63 ± 1.87 days. Secondary infection was also associated with higher in-hospital, 30-day and 90-day mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log-rank test revealed that secondary infection group had worse survival between day 15 and day 90.
conclusionsUrinary and deep venous catheterization increased the risk of secondary infection, in which underlying immunosuppression might also play a role. Secondary infection affected the prognosis of septic patients and prolonged in-hospital length of stay.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.