ArticlePloS one2019
The uptake of the pharmacy-dispensed naloxone kit program in Ontario: A population-based study.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Naloxone Co-Dispensing with Opioids: a Cluster Randomized Pragmatic Trial.Journal of general internal medicine · 2022Trial
- Trends and correlates of naloxone possession and use among people who inject drugs in Seattle, Washington.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Adapting the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Healthcare Providers to Measure Opioid-Related Stigma.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Retrospective study investigating naloxone prescribing and cost in US Medicaid and Medicare patients.BMJ open · 2024Observational
- Understanding the barriers and facilitators to implementing and sustaining Mobile Overdose Response Services from the perspective of Canadian key interest groups: a qualitative study.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- "It can save your life, that's all I know," barriers and facilitators for engagement in take-home naloxone for people receiving opioid substitution treatment in regional Australia: An explorative study.Qualitative research in medicine & healthcare · 2023Article
- Feasibility and acceptability of inserts promoting virtual overdose monitoring services (VOMS) in naloxone kits: a qualitative study.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Clinical outcomes and health care costs among people entering a safer opioid supply program in Ontario.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2022Article
- Protocol for the Optimizing Naloxone Dispensing in Pharmacies (ONDP) Online Continuing Education Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Investigating Community Pharmacy Take Home Naloxone Dispensing during COVID-19: The Impact of One Public Health Crisis on Another.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Impact of policy changes on the provision of naloxone by pharmacies in Ontario, Canada: a population-based time-series analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2021Article
- What Is Known about Community Pharmacy-Based Take-Home Naloxone Programs and Program Interventions? A Scoping Review.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- A survey of Alberta pharmacists' attitudes, comfort and perceived barriers to a community-based naloxone program.Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPCArticle
- Canadian national consensus guidelines for naloxone prescribing by pharmacists.Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPCArticle
- The status of naloxone in community pharmacies across Canada.Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPCArticle
- Increasing proactive co-dispensing of take-home naloxone with prescription opioids at Ontario community pharmacies.Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPCArticle
- Frequently asked questions about naloxone: Part 1.Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPCArticle
- The opioid crisis: Naloxone and pharmacists to the rescue.Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPCArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNaloxone is a life-saving antidote for opioid overdoses. In June 2016, the Ontario government implemented the Ontario Naloxone Program for Pharmacies (ONPP) to enhance access to naloxone.
objectiveWe examined the initial uptake of naloxone through the ONPP and characteristics of the individuals receiving and pharmacies dispensing naloxone kits.
methodsWe conducted a population-based study of all Ontario residents who received a naloxone kit between July 1, 2016 and March 31, 2018. This involved 1) a cross-sectional analysis of monthly rates of kits dispensed; and 2) a descriptive analysis of all individuals and pharmacies who accessed and dispensed naloxone, respectively. We stratified individuals according to their opioid exposure as: prescription opioid agonist therapy (OAT) recipients, prescription opioid recipients, those with past opioid exposure and those with no/unknown opioid exposure. We calculated a Lorenz curve comparing the cumulative percent of naloxone-dispensing pharmacies and cumulative percent of naloxone kits dispensed and the corresponding Gini coefficient.
resultsNaloxone dispensing through the ONPP increased considerably from 1.9 to 54.3 kits per 100,000 residents over the study period. In this time, 2,729 community pharmacies dispensed 91,069 kits to 67,910 unique individuals. Uptake was highest among prescription OAT recipients (40.7% of OAT recipients dispensed at least one kit), compared with 1.6% of prescription opioid recipients, 1.0% of those with past opioid exposure and 0.3% with no/unknown opioid exposure. Naloxone dispensing was highly clustered among pharmacies (Gini = 0.78), with 55.6% of Ontario pharmacies dispensing naloxone, and one-third (33.7%) of kits dispensed by the top 1.0% of naloxone-dispensing pharmacies.
conclusionThe ONPP launch led to a rapid increase in the number of naloxone kits dispensed in Ontario. Although the program successfully engaged people prescribed OAT, efforts to increase uptake among others at risk of opioid overdose appear warranted. Opportunities for expanding pharmacy participation should be identified and pursued.
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