Nasal Pneumococcal Density Is Associated with Microaspiration and Heightened Human Alveolar Macrophage Responsiveness to Bacterial Pathogens.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.

1. The Role of the Respiratory Microbiome in Pneumonia.Clinics in chest medicine · 2026
   Review
2. Shotgun metagenomic profiling of bacterial microbiomes, metagenome-assembled genomes and antimicrobial resistance in respiratory and blood samples from Gambian children with pneumonia.Research square · 2026
   Article
3. By dawn or dusk-how circadian timing rewrites bacterial infection outcomes.FEBS letters · 2026
   Review
4. Controlled human infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: practical considerations for clinical trials.The Lancet. Microbe · 2026
   Review
5. Second-order regulation: IFN-γ suppresses IL-17A-mediated type 3 inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026
   Article
6. High Propensity for Multidrug-Resistant Pneumococcal Shedding Among Adults Living With HIV on Stable Antiretroviral Therapy in Malawi.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025
   Article
7. Best Practices in the Development and Use of Experimental Models of Bacterial Pneumonia: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2025
   Article
8. Inflammation of the nasal mucosa is associated with susceptibility to experimental pneumococcal challenge in older adults.Mucosal immunology · 2024
   Article
9. Serotype 3 Experimental Human Pneumococcal Challenge (EHPC) study protocol: dose ranging and reproducibility in a healthy volunteer population (challenge 3).BMJ open · 2024
   Article
10. Respiratory mucosal immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 after infection and vaccination.Nature communications · 2023
    Article
11. The impact of respiratory infections and probiotic use on the nasal microbiota of frail residents in long-term care homes.ERJ open research · 2023
    Article
12. Innate immune responses in pneumonia.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2023
    Review
13. Alveolar macrophage modulation via the gut-lung axis in lung diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023
    Review
14. Frontline workers: Mediators of mucosal immunity in community acquired pneumonia and COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2022
    Review
15. Immune Memory After Respiratory Infection WithFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022
    Article
16. Nasal Bacterial Microbiome Differs Between Healthy Controls and Those With Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022
    Article
17. Intracellular survival ofFrontiers in immunology · 2022
    Article
18. Antigen-Presenting Cells in the Airways: Moderating Asymptomatic Bacterial Carriage.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Review
19. Intranasal Vaccine Delivery Technology for Respiratory Tract Disease Application with a Special Emphasis on Pneumococcal Disease.Vaccines · 2021
    Review
20. Lung-resident memory B cells protect against bacterial pneumonia.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021
    Article

Corrections and comments

• Commented on by
  Improving Pulmonary Immunity to Bacterial Pathogens through2020

Authors and funding

20 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.

Funding

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

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