SynthesisJAMA network open2019
Risk of Infections and Cancer in Patients With Rheumatologic Diseases Receiving Interleukin Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in JAMA network open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Temporal Patterns of Outcomes After DMARD Tapering or Withdrawal in Rheumatoid Arthritis With Sustained Disease Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical and translational science · 2026Pooled it
- A state-of-the-art systematic review of cancer in hidradenitis suppurativa.Annals of medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Incidence of Skin Cancer in Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Cutaneous Diseases on Targeted Therapies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Prescribing Biologic Immune-Modifying Therapies for Patients with a History of Cancer: A Cross-Specialty Review.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Biologic immunomodulators and spinal fusion: evidence, mechanisms, and perioperative considerations.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Review
- Infectious Risks Associated with Biologic Therapies in Autoimmune, Rheumatologic and Dermatologic Diseases: A Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Managing Refractory Pericarditis in the Era of Biologic Therapy: A Cardio-Oncology-Based Risk Framework.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Interleukin Networks in GVHD: Mechanistic Crosstalk, Therapeutic Targeting, and Emerging Paradigms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Immunosuppressants for IgG4-related disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Article
- The Overlapping Biology of Sepsis and Cancer and Therapeutic Implications.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Death-ision: the link between cellular resilience and cancer resistance to treatments.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Frequency of severe infections in rheumatic disease patients receiving bDMARDs post-kidney transplantation: a multicenter study.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Duration of Disease and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Difficult-To-Treat Recurrent Pericarditis: A Chronic Condition Treated With Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Colchicine, Corticosteroids, and Anti-Interleukin-1 Agents.ACR open rheumatology · 2025Article
- Hidradenitis Suppurativa Cancer Risk: A Review of the Literature.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2025Review
- The mononuclear phagocyte system obscures the accurate diagnosis of infected joint replacements.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Incidence of Malignancies and the Association with Biological Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Japanese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Time-Dependent Analysis from the IORRA Patient Registry.Rheumatology and therapy · 2024Article
- Gut epithelial Interleukin-17 receptor A signaling can modulate distant tumors growth through microbial regulation.Cancer cell · 2024Article
- Emerging therapies and respiratory infections: Focus on the impact of immunosuppressants and immunotherapies.Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2024Review
- Successful Treatment of Recurrent Pericarditis With Rilonacept in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia.JACC. Case reports · 2023Article
- A bioengineered probiotic for the oral delivery of a peptide Kv1.3 channel blocker to treat rheumatoid arthritis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: The safety profile of interleukin (IL) inhibitors is not well established. Objective: To assess the risk of serious infections, opportunistic infections, and cancer in patients with rheumatologic diseases treated with IL inhibitors. Data Sources: Ovid MEDLINE and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations; Ovid MEDLINE Daily; Ovid Embase; Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; and Scopus were searched (inception to November 30, 2018). Study Selection: Randomized, placebo-controlled trials that evaluated IL inhibitor therapies in rheumatic diseases and reported safety data were included in the analyses. Data Extraction and Synthesis: This systematic review is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Two investigators independently extracted study data and assessed risk of bias and certainty in the evidence. Fixed-effects meta-analysis was conducted to pool odds ratios (ORs) for serious infections, opportunistic infections, and cancers for IL inhibitors vs placebo. Main Outcomes and Measures: The outcomes of interest were the number of serious infections, opportunistic infections, and cancers in individuals receiving IL inhibitor therapies compared with placebo. Results: In this meta-analysis, 74 studies comprising 29 214 patients (24 236 patients for serious infections, 9998 for opportunistic infections, and 21 065 for cancer [number of patients overlaps for each outcome]) were included. Patients receiving IL inhibitors had a higher risk of serious infections (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.58-2.44; P < .001, I2 = 0%; high certainty), opportunistic infections (OR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.09-5.05; P = .03, I2 = 0%; moderate certainty), and cancer (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.05-2.19; P = .03, I2 = 11%; moderate certainty). Conclusions and Relevance: The risk of serious infections, opportunistic infections, and cancer appears to be increased in patients with rheumatologic diseases who are treated with IL inhibitors compared with placebo.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.