Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31624316›Full record

ArticleProstate cancer and prostatic diseases2020

Tobacco smoking and death from prostate cancer in US veterans.

Paul Riviere, Abhishek Kumar, Elaine Luterstein, Lucas K Vitzthum, Vinit Nalawade, Reith R Sarkar, Alex K Bryant, John P Einck, Arno J Mundt, James D Murphy and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Smoking and the risk of prostate cancer: a review of risk and disease progression.Genes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Paul RiviereDepartment of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7966-3090
Abhishek KumarDepartment of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Elaine LutersteinDepartment of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Lucas K VitzthumDepartment of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Vinit NalawadeDepartment of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6594-6740
Reith R SarkarDepartment of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Alex K BryantDepartment of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
John P EinckDepartment of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Arno J MundtDepartment of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
James D MurphyDepartment of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Brent S RoseDepartment of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. bsrose@ucsd.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3197-9552

Funding

UC San Diego Clinical and Translational Research InstituteTL1TR001443 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI DEPP, COLIN A. · 2015 to 2019
$3.4M
NIH HHS TL1TR001443
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCigarette smoking is a risk factor for mortality in several genitourinary cancers, likely due to accumulation of carcinogens in urine. However, in prostate cancer (PC) the link has been less studied. We evaluated differences in prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) between current smokers, past smokers, and never smokers diagnosed with PC.

methodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of PCSM in men diagnosed with PC between 2000 and 2015 treated in the US Veterans Affairs health care system, using competing risk regression analyses.

resultsThe cohort included 73,668 men (current smokers: 22,608 (30.7%), past smokers: 23,695 (32.1%), and never smokers: 27,365 (37.1%)). Median follow-up was 5.9 years. Current smoker patients were younger at presentation (median age current: 63, never: 66; p < 0.001), and had more advanced disease stage (stage IV disease current: 5.3%, never: 4.3%; p < 0.04). The 10-year incidence of PCSM was 5.2%, 4.8%, and 4.5% for current, past, and never smokers, respectively. On competing risk regression, current smoking was associated with increased PCSM (subdistribution hazard ratio: 1.14, 95% confidence interval: (1.05-1.24), p = 0.002), whereas past smoking was not. Hierarchical regression suggests that this increased risk was partially attributable to tumor characteristics.

conclusionsSmoking at the time of diagnosis is associated with a higher risk of dying from PC as well as other causes of death. In contrast, past smoking was not associated with PCSM suggesting that smoking may be a modifiable risk factor. PC diagnosis may be an important opportunity to discuss smoking cessation.

Indexed as

AgedCause of DeathFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisProstatic NeoplasmsRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsSurvival RateTobacco SmokingUnited StatesVeterans

Identifiers

PMID31624316

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.