ArticlePloS one2019
Socioeconomic status and alcohol use disorders across the lifespan: A co-relative control study.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reward Processing in Binge Eating and Harmful Drinking: A Systematic Review.The International journal of eating disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Characterization of Problematic Alcohol Use Among Physicians: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of optimism and stage of change on alcohol use and problems among sexual minority men with HIV participating in a brief motivational interviewing intervention.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Trial
- Article
- No evidence of parental mental health influencing children's academic achievement: a within-family study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Alcohol use disorder increases risk of major adverse limb events following lower-extremity revascularization for chronic limb-threatening ischemia.Journal of vascular surgery · 2026Article
- Factors associated with alcohol use disorder among young adults from ethnic minorities: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Associations between life course socioeconomic circumstances and drinking patterns among young and early midlife Finnish public sector employees.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2026Article
- Participant ascertainment is differentially related to phenotypic characteristics and alcohol-related genetic liability in a sample with severe alcohol use disorder.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Article
- The Effect of Low Socioeconomic Status on the Leptin-to-Adiponectin Ratio.Nursing open · 2026Review
- Prevalence of Substance Use in Northwest Syria: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of public health · 2026Article
- Dementia prevention requires moving beyond individual choice: the costs of effort and time intersect with social determinants of health.Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Living in an unhealthy neighbourhood impacts individual employment status.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The prevalence of the co-occurrence of risky behaviors and association with socioeconomic status in Iran: a latent class analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- How are socioeconomic status, social support, and health history associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviours in middle-aged adults? Results of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) COHORT.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Alcohol consumption among persons living with hypertension: evidence from a population-based study in Cape Verde.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Educational differences in alcohol-related morbidity and the role of working conditions: a Swedish register-based cohort study.European journal of public health · 2024Article
- Burden of alcohol use disorder and its consequences in Iran from 1990 to 2019: Findings from the global burden of disease study.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Prevalence of alcohol use disorders documented in electronic health records in primary care across intersections of race or ethnicity, sex, and socioeconomic status.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2024Article
- Deaths with COVID-19 and from all-causes following first-ever SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with preexisting mental disorders: A national cohort study from Czechia.PLoS medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesAlcohol use disorders (AUD) is well known to aggregate in families and is associated with socioeconomic status (SES). The objective was to study the effect of education, income and neighborhood SES in adulthood on AUD, and to explore whether the potential associations were confounded by shared familial factors, by using a co-relative control design.
methodsData on AUD was drawn from the Swedish inpatient and outpatient care registers; prescription drug register; and crime data. Through national population registers we collected information on income, education and neighborhood SES at age 25, 30, 35 and 40 years in all individuals born in Sweden between 1950 and 1980. Each sex-specific stratum consisted of approximately 750,000-1,200,000 individuals, who were followed for AUD for a mean follow-up time ranging between 10 and 15 years until the end of 2013. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the risk of AUD as a function of income, education and neighborhood SES in the general population and in pairs of first cousins and full siblings within the same sex, who differed in their exposure to the SES measure.
resultsHigher educational level, higher income and higher neighborhood SES were all associated with a reduced risk for AUD for both males and females in all ages. The potentially protective effect remained but was attenuated when comparing pairs of first cousins and full siblings.
conclusionsHigh educational level and income in adulthood, as well as high neighborhood socioeconomic status, may represent protective factors against alcohol use disorders, even when shared familial factors, e.g. childhood socioeconomic status and genetic factors, have been taken into account.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.