ArticleMolecular plant pathology2019
Stringent response regulators (p)ppGpp and DksA positively regulate virulence and host adaptation of Xanthomonas citri.
Article in Molecular plant pathology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- A global stress alarmone couples nutrient limitation to suppression of social signaling in bacteria.iScience · 2026Article
- The ppGpp-HpaR1-gum regulatory pathway modulates exopolysaccharides production in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Bacterial fitness for plant colonization is influenced by plant growth substrate.The New phytologist · 2025Article
- Bacterial alarmone (p)ppGpp mediates the pathogenicity ofmSystems · 2025Article
- (p)ppGpp and DksA play a crucial role in reducing the efficacy of β-lactam antibiotics by modulating bacterial membrane permeability.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- The type II secretion system as an underappreciated and understudied mediator of interbacterial antagonism.Infection and immunity · 2024Review
- Review
- Stringent Response Factor DksA Contributes to Fatty Acid Degradation Function to Influence Cell Membrane Stability and Polymyxin B Resistance ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Key Roles of (p)ppGpp and DksA in Regulating Metabolism and Chemotaxis inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Mutating bothFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Similar and Divergent Roles of Stringent Regulator (p)ppGpp and DksA on Pleiotropic Phenotype of Yersinia enterocolitica.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- The Importance of Microorganisms for Sustainable Agriculture-A Review.Metabolites · 2022Review
- The Methyltransferase HemK Regulates the Virulence and Nutrient Utilization of the Phytopathogenic BacteriumInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The Role of RelA and SpoT on ppGpp Production, Stress Response, Growth Regulation, and Pathogenicity in Xanthomonas campestris pv.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- The HrpG/HrpX Regulon of Xanthomonads-An Insight to the Complexity of Regulation of Virulence Traits in Phytopathogenic Bacteria.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Secrete or perish: The role of secretion systems inComputational and structural biotechnology journal · 2021Review
- mCherry fusions enable the subcellular localization of periplasmic and cytoplasmic proteins in Xanthomonas sp.PloS one · 2020Article
- Application of TonB-Dependent Transporters in Vaccine Development of Gram-Negative Bacteria.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The bacterial stringent response is a response to nutrition deprivation and other stress conditions. In Gram-negative bacteria, this process is mediated by the small signal molecules guanosine pentaphosphate pppGpp and guanosine tetraphosphate ppGpp (collectively referred to as (p)ppGpp), and the RNA polymerase-binding transcription factor DksA. The (p)ppGpp synthetase RelA and the bifunctional (p)ppGpp synthase/hydrolase SpoT are responsible for cellular (p)ppGpp levels. Here, we investigated the roles of DksA and (p)ppGpp in the virulence traits of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), the causal agent of citrus canker. ΔdksA and (p)ppGpp-deficient ΔspoTΔrelA strains caused reduced virulence and compromised growth in host plants, indicating that DksA and (p)ppGpp are required for full virulence of Xcc. To characterize the effect of stringent response regulators on gene expression, RNA-seq was conducted using ΔdksA and ΔspoTΔrelA mutant strains grown in hrp-inducing XVM2 medium. Transcriptome analyses showed that DksA and (p)ppGpp repressed the expression of genes encoding tRNAs, ribosome proteins, iron acquisition and flagellum assembly, and enhanced the expression of genes for histidine metabolism, type 3 secretion system (T3SS), type 2 secretion system (T2SS) and TonB-dependent transporters. Phenotypically, the ΔdksA and ΔspoTΔrelA strains displayed altered motility, enhanced siderophore production and were unable to cause the hypersensitive response on non-host plants. In conclusion, stringent response regulators DksA and (p)ppGpp play an important role in virulence, nutrition uptake and host adaptation of Xcc.
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