ArticleJournal of sleep research2020
The wrist is not the brain: Estimation of sleep by clinical and consumer wearable actigraphy devices is impacted by multiple patient- and device-specific factors.
Article in Journal of sleep research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04568408 (Validation of the Quality of Sleep Data for Xiaomi Domestic Wristbands), which is not on this map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Validation of the Quality of Sleep Data for Xiaomi Domestic Wristbands
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Accuracy of Fitbit Charge 4, Garmin Vivosmart 4, and WHOOP Versus Polysomnography: Systematic Review.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Sensing Technologies for Wearable Sleep Staging.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Sleep fragmentation and heightened inflammation: A latent profile subtype predicting nine-year major depressive disorder severity in the MIDUS study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Implications of Wearable Sleep Health Technology for Cardiovascular Health Assessment and Interventions: A Narrative Review.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Review
- The Impact of Sunlight and Artificial Light at Night on Sleep Stages: Evidence From a 7-Day Sensor-Based Observational Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Observational
- Insomnia With Objective Short Sleep Duration Is Associated With Incident Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease: Evidence from the UK Biobank Data.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Sleep-wake dynamics in veteran-service dog dyads: an exploration of overnight concordance.Sleep · 2025Article
- Wearable Technology and Its Potential Role in Cardiovascular Health Monitoring and Disease Management.Health science reports · 2025Article
- ReSTech project on Xiaomi wearable devices for monitoring and detecting obstructive sleep apnoea: observational study protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Enhancing artificial intelligence-driven sleep apnea diagnosis: The critical importance of input signal proficiency with a focus on mandibular jaw movements.Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists · 2025Article
- A performance validation of six commercial wrist-worn wearable sleep-tracking devices for sleep stage scoring compared to polysomnography.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025Article
- Accuracy Bias and Factors Influencing Polysomnography and Consumer Sleep-Monitoring Device Measuring of Total Sleep Time: A Mixed-Methods Study.Nature and science of sleep · 2025Article
- Longitudinal, EEG-based assessment of sleep in people with epilepsy: An automated sleep staging algorithm non-inferior to human raters.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2025Article
- Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia decreases the discrepancy between objective and subjective measures of sleep.Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy · 2025Article
- Measurement of peripheral arterial tone to detect sleep-disordered breathing in patients with heart failure.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2024Article
- Evaluating Accuracy in Five Commercial Sleep-Tracking Devices Compared to Research-Grade Actigraphy and Polysomnography.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- From lab to life: how wearable devices can improve health equity.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The influence of service dog partnerships on perceived and objective sleep quality for military veterans with PTSD.Frontiers in sleep · 2024Article
- Methods for Assessing Health Outcomes Associated with Food Insecurity in the United States College Student Population: A Narrative Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Clinical actigraphy devices provide adequate estimates of some sleep measures across large groups. In practice, providers are asked to apply clinical or consumer wearable data to individual patient assessments. Inter-individual variability in device performance will impact such patient-specific interpretation. We assessed two devices, clinical and consumer, to determine the magnitude and predictors of this individual-level variability. One hundred and two patients (55 [53.9%] female; 56.4 [±16.3] years old) undergoing polysomnography wore Jawbone UP3 and/or Actiwatch2. Device total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset and sleep latency were compared with polysomnography. Demographics, sleep architecture and clinical measures were compared to device performance. Actiwatch overestimated total sleep time by 27.2 min (95% confidence limits [CL], 138.3 min over to 84.0 under), overestimated sleep efficiency by 6.8% (95% CL, 34.1% over to 20.5% under), overestimated sleep onset latency by 2.6 min (95% CL, 63.3 over to 58.2 under) and underestimated wake after sleep onset by 50.7 min (95% CL, 162.5 under to 61.2 over). Jawbone overestimated total sleep time by 59.1 min (95% CL, 208.6 min over to 90.5 under) and overestimated sleep efficiency by 14.9% (95% CL, 52.6% over to 22.7% under). In multivariate models, age, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, % N1 and apnea-hypopnea index explained only some of the variance in device performance. Gender also affected performance. Actiwatch and Jawbone mis-estimate sleep measures with very wide confidence limits and accuracy varies with multiple patient-level characteristics. Given these large individual inaccuracies, data from these devices must be applied only with extreme caution in clinical practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.