ReviewJRSM cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease in transgendered people: A review of the literature and discussion of risk.
Review in JRSM cardiovascular disease. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship between Food Habits, Nutritional Status, and Hormone Therapy among Transgender Adults: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Review of UK and Ireland Surveys of Health Professional Educators on Teaching of Sexual- and Gender-Minority Health.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Refractory left main coronary vasospasm and electrical storm in a transgender woman: a case report.European heart journal. Case reports · 2025Article
- Hormones, Stress, and Heart Disease in Transgender Women with HIV in LITE Plus.American journal of preventive medicine · 2025Observational
- Effectiveness and Safety of Different Estradiol Regimens in Transgender Women (TREAT Study): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Sex-Specific Differences in Lipoprotein Production and Clearance.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2023Review
- Assessing and Addressing Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Health: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2023Review
- Article
- Recent Advances in Plant-Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Their Significant Biomedical Properties.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Cardiovascular Disease in a Population-Based Sample of Transgender and Cisgender Adults.American journal of preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Metabolic effects of cross-sex hormone therapy in transgender individuals in Taiwan.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2021Article
- Considerations in genetic counseling of transgender patients: Cultural competencies and altered disease risk profiles.Journal of genetic counseling · 2021Article
- Sex Disparities in COVID-19 Severity and Outcome: Are Men Weaker or Women Stronger?Neuroendocrinology · 2021Review
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review examines the impact of gender affirming hormone therapy used in the transgendered and non-binary populations on cardiovascular outcomes and surrogate markers of cardiovascular health. Current evidence suggests that hormonal therapy for transgendered women decreases or is neutral regarding myocardial infarction risk. There is an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), but newer studies suggest that the risk is significantly lower than previously described. For transgendered men, there appears to be an adverse effect on lipid parameters but this does not translate into an increased risk of cardiovascular disease above that of general male population. In all transgendered people, risk factor interventions such as smoking cessation, weight management and treatment of co-morbid conditions are important in optimising cardiovascular health. The effect of gender affirming hormonal therapy in transgendered people is difficult to interpret due to the variety of hormone regimens used, the relative brevity of the periods of observation and the influence of confounding factors such as the historical use of less physiological, oestrogens such as conjugated equine oestrogen and ethinylestradiol which are more pro-thrombotic than the 17β oestradiol that is used in modern practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.