ArticleFrontiers in immunology2019
Complement in Human Pre-implantation Embryos: Attack and Defense.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of Th1-Th2 balance in patients with recurrent implantation failure; a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC immunology · 2026Review
- Treatment of human oocytes with extracellular vesicles from follicular fluid during rescueHuman reproduction open · 2026Article
- Exploring novel molecular mechanisms underlying recurrent pregnancy loss in decidual tissues.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Heterochronic changes in gene expression underlie placental evolution in the fish family Poeciliidae.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Differential expression of complement Properdin and Factor H in the placentae and umbilical cords of mothers with Preeclampsia, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The complement system in human pregnancy and preeclampsia.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Comparative Analysis of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and Next-Generation Sequencing in Sperm Evaluation: Implications for Preimplantation Genetic Testing and Male Infertility.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Etiology and outcomes: Thrombotic microangiopathies in pregnancy.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2023Article
- Alternative pathway activation in pregnancy, a measured amount "complements" a successful pregnancy, too much results in adverse events.Immunological reviews · 2023Review
- Review
- Elevated Adipsin and Reduced C5a Levels in the Maternal Serum and Follicular Fluid During Implantation Are Associated With Successful Pregnancy in Obese Women.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Beyond Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome: The Relevance of Complement From Pathogenesis to Pregnancy Outcome in Other Systemic Rheumatologic Diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Small RNA expression and miRNA modification dynamics in human oocytes and early embryos.Genome research · 2021Article
- Essential Role of Complement in Pregnancy: From Implantation to Parturition and Beyond.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is essential for early human life that mucosal immunological responses to developing embryos are tightly regulated. An imbalance of the complement system is a common feature of pregnancy complications. We hereby present the first full analysis of the expression and deposition of complement molecules in human pre-implantation embryos. Thus, far, immunological imbalance has been considered in stages of pregnancy following implantation. We here show that complement activation against developing human embryos takes place already at the pre-implantation stage. Using confocal microscopy, we observed deposition of activation products on healthy developing embryos, which highlights the need for strict complement regulation. We show that embryos express complement membrane inhibitors and bind soluble regulators. These findings show that mucosal complement targets human embryos, and indicate potential adverse pregnancy outcomes, if regulation of activation fails. In addition, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed cellular expression of complement activators. This shows that the embryonic cells themselves have the capacity to express and activate C3 and C5. The specific local embryonic expression of complement components, regulators, and deposition of activation products on the surface of embryos suggests that complement has immunoregulatory functions and furthermore may impact cellular homeostasis and differentiation at the earliest stages of life.
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Registered trials
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